اقدم المبانى الموجوده

من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعه الحره

أقدم المبانى الموجودة .

معايير[تعديل]

تعريف المبنى على أنه أى هيكل من صنع الإنسان يستخدم أو واجهة لدعم أو إيواء أى استخدام أو إشغال مستمر. علشان التأهل لهذه القائمة، لازم على الهيكل:

  • يكون مبنى مميز؛
  • دمج ميزات أعمال البناء من التاريخ المطالب به ل1.5 متر على الأقل (4.9 قدم) فى الارتفاع؛
  • أن تكون كاملة لحد كبير أو تشمل أعمال البناء على ده الارتفاع لمعظم محيطها.
  • فيها منطقة مقفولة بيها نقطة دخول واحدة على الأقل.

و ده يستبعد عمد الآثار والتماثيل ذات الارتفاع المحدود. وتستثنى ال كمان :

  • الدولمينات ، نوع من المقابر الصخرية المكونة من اوضه واحدة، وفى العاده تتكون من 3 أحجار مستقيمة أو اكتر تدعم قمة أفقية مسطحة كبيرة. كانت الدولمينات فى العاده متغطيه بالأرض أو بالحجارة الصغيرة لتشكل ركام (المدرجة فى القائمة). وفى كثير من الحالات، تآكل ده الغطاء، و مافضلش اللا "الهيكل العظمي" الحجرى لتلة الدفن سليمًا. الدولمينات من العصر الحجرى الحديث كثيرة للغاية، حيث تم الإبلاغ عن اكتر من 1000 منها فى مكلنبورغ-فوربومرن فى المانيا وحدها.[1]
  • كيرنز ، هيا ببساطة أكوام كبيرة من الحجارة السائبة (على عكس الحجرة الحجرية )
  • الحلقات الحجرية ال، زى ستونهنج ، لا يتم احتسابها كمان لأنها غير مقفولة مش ليها أسقف.

تم التوصل لتواريخ الكتير من أقدم الهياكل عن طريق التأريخ بالكربون المشع وينبغى اعتبارها تقريبية.

حسب العمر[تعديل]

بعض من أقدم المبانى فى العالم اللى حافظت على متطلباتها. توجد مواقع احتلال بيها هياكل أقدم من صنع الإنسان زى تلك الموجودة فى غوبيكلى تيبى ، لكن الهياكل آثار ولا تستوفى تعريف المبنى (الذى ممكن رؤيته أعلاه). تحتوى الكتير من المبانى المدرجة فى العلى الطوب بشكل أساسي، لكن الأهم من كده هو الحفاظ على جدرانها و أسقفها. هناك الكتير من الهياكل الموجودة اللى لسه فى جزر أوركنى فى اسكتلندا، وبعض أشهرها هيا جزء من موقع التراث العالمى فى قلب العصر الحجرى الحديث فى أوركنى .[2] وتحتوى ال كمان على الكتير من المبانى الكبيرة من عصر الأهرامات المصرية.

Building Image Country Continent First built Use Note
Göbekli Tepe Turkey Asia 9500–7500 BC Place of worship Located in southern Turkey. The tell includes two phases of use, believed to be of a social or ritual nature by site discoverer and excavator Klaus Schmidt, dating back to the 10th–8th millennium BC. The structure is 300 m in diameter and 15 m high.
Tower of Jericho
West Bank, Palestine Asia 8000 BC Tower is an 8.5-metre-tall (28 ft) stone structure, constructed of undressed stones, with an internal staircase of twenty-two steps.
Çatalhöyük Turkey Asia 7500–5700 BC Settlement A very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic proto-city settlement in southern Anatolia
Mehrgarh
Pakistan Asia 7000 BC Settlement A Neolithic archaeological site situated on the Kacchi Plain of Balochistan in Pakistan. It is located near the Bolan Pass, to the west of the Indus River and between the modern-day Pakistani cities of Quetta, Kalat and Sibi.
Barnenez France Europe 4800 BC Passage grave Located in northern Finistère and partially restored. According to André Malraux it would have been better named 'The Prehistoric Parthenon'. The structure is 72 m (236 ft) long, 25 m (82 ft) wide and over 8 m (26 ft) high.[3][4]
Tumulus of Bougon Barnenez France Europe 4800 BC Tumulus A necropolis, complex of tombs with varying dates in Deux-Sèvres near Niort and Poitiers, the oldests being E and F0 .[3]
Saint-Michel tumulus Barnenez France Europe 4500 BC Tumulus The tumulus forms what is almost an artificial hillock of more than 30,000 m3 (1,100,000 cu ft) (60 m × 125 m × 10 m (197 ft × 410 ft × 33 ft)).[5][6]
Anu ziggurat of Uruk Iraq Asia 4000–3800 BC Ziggurat A massive White Temple was built atop of the ziggurat. Under the northwest edge of the ziggurat a Stone Temple has been discovered.
Monte d'Accoddi Italy (Sardinia) Europe 4000–3650 BC[7][8] Possibly an open-air temple, or a step pyramid. A trapezoidal platform on an artificial mound, reached by a sloped causeway. New radiocarbon dating (2011) allow us to date the building of the first monument to 4000–3650 BC, the second shrine dating to 3500–3000 BC."[9]
La Hougue Bie Jersey Europe 4000–3500 BC Passage grave An 18.6 m (61 ft) long Neolithic passage grave with 12th century (medieval) chapel above [10] and World War II structures.[11][12]
Knap of Howar المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 3700 BC House Oldest preserved stone house in north west Europe.[13][14][15]
Ġgantija Malta Europe 3700 BC Temple Two structures on the island of Gozo. The second was built four centuries after the oldest.[16][17]
Dolmen of Menga اسبانيا Europe 3700 BC Tomb A megalithic burial mound called a tumulus, a long barrow form of dolmen
West Kennet Long Barrow المملكه المتحده (England) Europe 3650 BC Tomb Located near Silbury Hill and Avebury stone circle.[18]
Listoghil Ireland Europe 3550 BC Passage Tomb At the centre of the Carrowmore passage tomb cluster, a simple box-shaped chamber is surrounded by a kerb c.34 m (112 ft) in diameter and partly covered by a cairn. It has been partly reconstructed.[19]
Stoney Littleton Long Barrow المملكه المتحده (England) Europe 3550 BC Tomb Neolithic chambered tomb with multiple burial chambers, belonging to the Severn-Cotswold group located near Wellow, Somerset, England.[20]
Sechin Bajo Peru South America 3500 BC Plaza The oldest known building in the Americas.[21]
Dholavira India Asia 3500 BC Settlement A complex of ruins with varying dates at Dholavira.[22][23][24]

It has brick water reservoirs, with steps, circular graves and the ruins of a well planned town.

Recent research suggests the beginning of occupation around 3500 BCE (pre-Harappan) and continuity until around 1800 BCE (early part of Late Harappan period).[25]

Midhowe Chambered Cairn المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 3500 BC Tomb A well-preserved chambered cairn of the Orkney-Cromarty type on the island of Rousay.[26]
Gavrinis passage tomb France Europe 3500 BC Tomb On a small island, situated in the Gulf of Morbihan.[27]
Wayland's Smithy المملكه المتحده (England) Europe 3460 BC Chamber tomb A barrow constructed on top of an older burial chamber.[28]
Unstan Chambered Cairn المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 3450 BC Tomb Excavated in 1884, when grave goods were found, giving their name to Unstan ware.[29][30][31]
Loughcrew Ireland Europe 3400 BC Tomb It is the site of megalithic burial grounds dating back to approximately 3500 and 3300 BC
Knowe of Yarso chambered cairn المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 3350 BC Tomb One of several Rousay tombs. It contained numerous deer skeletons when excavated in the 1930s.[29][32][33]
Quanterness chambered cairn المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 3250 BC Tomb The remains of 157 individuals were found inside when excavated in the 1970s.[29][34][35]
Tarxien Temples Tarxien Temple Malta Europe 3250 BC Temples Part of the Megalithic Temples of Malta World Heritage Site.[16][36]
Shahr-e Sukhteh Iran Asia 3200 BC Settlement A rich source of information regarding the emergence of complex societies and contacts between them in the third millennium[37]
Newgrange Ireland Europe 3200 BC[38] Burial Partially reconstructed around original passage grave.[39]
Knowth Ireland Europe c. 3200 BC Passage grave A Neolithic passage grave and an ancient monument of the World Heritage Site of Brú na Bóinne
Dowth Ireland Europe between 3200 and 2900 BC Tomb The cairn is about 85 metres (280 ft) in diameter and 15 metres (50 ft) high.
Skara Brae المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 3180 BC Settlement Northern Europe's best preserved Neolithic village.[40][41]
Tomb of the Eagles المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 3150 BC Tomb In use for 800 years or more. Numerous bird bones were found here, predominantly white-tailed sea eagle.[42][43]
Tepe Sialk ziggurat Iran Asia 3000 BC Ziggurat The oldest settlements in Sialk to date to around 6000–5500 BC.[44][45] The Sialk ziggurat was built around 3000 BC.
Dolmen de Bagneux France Europe 3000 BC Dolmen This is the largest dolmen in France, and perhaps the world; the overall length of the dolmen is 23 m (75 ft), with the internal chamber at over 18 m (59 ft) in length and at least 3 m (9.8 ft) high.[46][47][48]
Grey Cairns of Camster المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 3000 BC or older Tomb Located near Upper Camster in Caithness.[49][50]
Hulbjerg Jættestue Denmark Europe 3000 BC Passage grave The grave is concealed by a round barrow on the southern tip of the island of Langeland. One of the skulls found there showed traces of the world's earliest dentistry work.[51][52][53]
Dolmens of North Caucasus روسيا Europe 3000 BC Tomb There are numerous tombs, some perhaps originating in the Maikop culture, in the North Caucasus.[54][55]
Taversoe Tuick chambered cairn المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 3000 BC Tomb Unusually, there is an upper and lower chamber.[56]
Holm of Papa chambered cairn المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 3000 BC Tomb The central chamber is over 20 m (66 ft) long.[57][58]
Barpa Langass المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 3000 BC Tomb The best preserved chambered cairn in the Hebrides.[59][60]
Cuween Hill Chambered Cairn المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 3000 BC Tomb Excavated in 1901, when it was found to contain the bones of men, dogs and oxen.[61][62]
Quoyness cairn المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 2900 BC Tomb An arc of Bronze Age mounds surrounds this cairn on the island of Sanday.[63]
Maeshowe المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 2800 BC Tomb The entrance passage is 36 feet (11 m) long and leads to the central chamber measuring about 15 feet (4.6 m) on each side.[64][65]
Shunet El Zebib ملف:خع سخموى Monument (I).jpg مصر Africa 2700 BC Mortuary temple Built as a funerary enclosure, a place where the deceased king was worshipped and memorialised.
Pyramid of Djoser مصر Africa 2667–2648 BC Burial Earliest large-scale cut stone construction.[66]
Harappa Pakistan Asia 2600 BC Settlement A Bronze Age fortified city with clay sculptured houses located west of Sahiwal.[67]

The Indus Valley civilization had a possible writing system, urban centers, and diversified social and economic system.

Mohenjo Daro Pakistan Asia 2600 BC Settlement An archeological site near Larkana.[68]

The world's earliest settlement with one and two storied brick houses, public baths, assembly halls, central marketplace and covered drains.

Caral Peru South America 2600 BC Pyramid Once thought to be the oldest building in South America.[69]
Pyramid of Meidum مصر Africa c. 2580 BC Tomb Fourth Dynasty structure completed by Sneferu.
Bent Pyramid مصر Africa c. 2580 BC Tomb A second structure completed by Sneferu.
Red Pyramid مصر Africa c. 2580 BC Tomb Third large pyramid completed by Sneferu.[70]
Great Pyramid of Giza مصر Africa 2560 BC Tomb Mausoleum for fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu. [بحاجة لمصدر ]قالب:بحاجة لمصدر/تصنيف حسب النوع من ويكى بيانات World's tallest man-made structure for over 3800 years, until Lincoln Cathedral in 1311.
Megalithic Monuments of Alcalar پورتوجال Europe Between 3000 and 2000 BC Tomb A group of burial tombs that comprise a Calcolithic necropolis.
Capel Garmon المملكه المتحده (Wales) Europe c. 2500 BC Tomb Burial chamber dating from the 3rd millennium BC that belongs to the Severn-Cotswold Group.[71]
Pyramid of Khafre مصر Africa c. 2500 BC Tomb One of the Pyramids of Giza.[72]
Pyramid of Menkaure مصر Africa c. 2500 BC Tomb Menkaure was probably Khafre's successor.
Pyramid of Userkaf مصر Africa c. 2480 BC Tomb Located close to Pyramid of Djoser.[73]
Pyramid of Sahure مصر Africa c. 2480 BC Tomb Built for Sahure.[74]
Pyramid of Neferirkare Kakai مصر Africa c. 2460 BC Tomb Built for Neferirkare Kakai.[74]
Pyramid of Neferefre مصر Africa c. 2455 BC Tomb Never completed but does contain a tomb.[74]
Pyramid of Niuserre مصر Africa c. 2425 BC Tomb [75]
Royal Palace of Ebla Syria Asia 2400–2300 BC Palace
Pyramid of Djedkare-Isesi مصر Africa c. 2370 BC Tomb
Pyramid of Unas مصر Africa c. 2340 BC Tomb [76]
Pyramid of Teti مصر Africa c. 2330 BC Tomb
Labbacallee Ireland Europe c. 2300 BC Tomb The largest wedge tomb in Ireland.[77]
Shimao China (Shaanxi) Asia 2300–2000 BC Settlement Fortified Neolithic site, centered on a large stepped pyramid with a height of 70m.[78]
Pyramid of Merenre مصر Africa c. 2275 BC Tomb Built for Merenre Nemtyemsaf I but not completed.
Pyramid of Pepi II Neferkare مصر Africa c. 2180 BC Tomb
Crantit cairn المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 2130 BC Tomb Discovered in 1998 near Kirkwall.[79][80]
Ziggurat of Ur Iraq Asia 2100 BC Temple The Great Ziggurat of Ur was a temple built under King Ur-Nammu in honor of the goddess Nanna. It was partially reconstructed in the 1980s under Saddam Hussein.
Dolmen de Viera اسبانيا Europe 2000 BC Tomb The Dolmen de Viera or Dolmen de los Hermanos Viera is a dolmen—a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb[81]
Dolmen of Cava dei Servi Italy (Sicily) Europe 2000 BC Tomb The dolmen of Cava dei Servi is a semi-oval monument formed by four rectangular slabs fixed into the ground. Three slabs are on top, leaning in such a way they reduce the surface and form a false dome.[82]
Rubha an Dùnain passage grave المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 2000 BC or older Tomb [83][84][85]
Corrimony chambered cairn المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 2000 BC or older Tomb A Clava-type passage grave surrounded by a circle of 11 standing stones.[86][87]
Bryn Celli Ddu المملكه المتحده (Wales) Europe 2000 BC Tomb Located on the island of Anglesey.[88]
Balnuaran of Clava المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 2000 BC Tomb The largest of three is the north-east cairn, which was partially reconstructed in the 19th century. The central cairn may have been used as a funeral pyre.[85][89][90]
Vinquoy chambered cairn, Eday المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 2000 BC Tomb [91]
Pyramid of Amenemhat I مصر Africa c. 1960 BC Tomb
Karnak مصر Africa 1971–1926 BC Temple Actually a temple complex.
Pyramid of Senusret I مصر Africa c. 1920 BC Tomb
Pyramid of Senusret II مصر Africa c. 1875 BC Tomb
Knossos Greece Europe 1850–1750 BC Palace Minoan structure on a Neolithic site.[92]
Pyramid of Senusret III مصر Africa c. 1835 BC Tomb Built for Senusret III.
Black Pyramid مصر Africa c. 1820 BC Tomb Built for Amenemhat III, it has multiple structural deficits.
Hawara مصر Africa c. 1810 BC Tomb Also built for Amenemhat III.
Pyramid of Khendjer مصر Africa c. 1760 BC Tomb Built for pharaoh Khendjer.
Daorson
Cyclopean walls of Daorson
Cyclopean walls of Daorson
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe 17–16th century BC City and citadel Illyrian settlement and capital of Daorsi tribe.
Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut مصر Africa 15th century BC Temple
Nuraghe Santu Antine Italy (Sardinia) Europe 1600 BC Possibly a fort The second tallest of these megalithic edifices found in Sardinia and tallest still standing.[93]
Sinauli India Asia 1800 BC Settlement The Sinauli excavation site is located in Sinauli, western Uttar Pradesh, India, at the Ganga-Yamuna Doab.[94][95] Major findings from 2018 trial excavations are dated to c. 2000 - 1800 BCE, and ascribed to the Ochre Coloured Pottery culture (OCP)/Copper Hoard Culture. The rituals relating to the Sanauli burials shows close affinity with Vedic rituals.[96]
Adichanallur India Asia 1500 BC Settlement In 2004, a number of skeletons were found buried in earthenware urns. Some of these urns contained writing in Tamil Brahmi script. While some of the burial urns contained skeletons.[97] In 2018, research on skeletons remains were dated at Manipur University to around 1500 BC.[98]
Su Nuraxi di Barumini Italy (Sardinia) Europe 1500 BC Possibly a fort or a palace The palace of Barumini is formed by a huge quatrefoiled nuraghe, whose central tower is its oldest construction. Originally it was almost 20 m (66 ft) high and divided into three floors.[99][100]
Luxor Temple مصر Africa c.1400 BC Temple Actually a temple complex.
Nuraghe La Prisciona Italy (Sardinia) Europe 1400 BC Possibly a fort The monument has a central tower and 2 side towers, the former with an entrance defined by a massive lintel of 3.20 m (10.5 ft). The central chamber has a false dome, which is more than 6 m (20 ft) high.[101]
The King's Grave Sweden Europe 1400 BC Tomb Near Kivik is the remains of an unusually grand Nordic Bronze Age double burial.[102]
The Ziggurat of Dur-Kurigalzu Iraq Asia 14th century BC Probably religious rituals Built for the Kassite King Kurigalzu I.[103]
Treasury of Atreus Greece Europe 1250 BC Tomb The tallest and widest dome in the world for over a thousand years.[104]
Chogha Zanbil Iran Asia 1250 BC Temple One of the few extant ziggurats outside of Mesopotamia.[105]
Mortuary Temple of Seti I مصر Africa 13th century BC Temple
Ramesseum مصر Africa 13th century BC Temple Mortuary temple of Ramses II.
Naveta d'Es Tudons اسبانيا Europe 1200–750 BC Ossuary The most famous megalithic chamber tomb in Menorca.[106]
Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III مصر Africa 1186–1155 BC Temple
Dún Aonghasa Ireland Europe 1100 BC Fort Dún Aonghasa, also called Dun Aengus, has been described as one of the most spectacular prehistoric monuments in western Europe. The drystone walled hillfort is made up of 4 widely spaced concentric ramparts.[107][108]
Cuicuilco Circular Pyramid Mexico North America 800–600 BC Ceremonial center One of the oldest standing structures of the Mesoamerican cultures. First steps in the creation of a sun based calendar.[109]
Van Fortress Turkey Asia 750 BC Fortress Massive Urartean stone fortification overlooking Tushpa.
Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia Italy Europe 700 BC Tombs These Etruscan necropolises contain thousands of tombs, some organized in a city-like plan.[110]
Temple of Cyrene Libya Africa c. 630 BC Temple The temple was destroyed and rebuilt around 115 AD and was damaged in the 4th century AD.
Keezhadi excavation site India Asia 580 BC Settlement Keezhadi (also as Keeladi) excavation site is a Sangam period settlement that is being excavated by the Archaeological Survey of India and the Tamil Nadu Archaeology Department.
Temple of Hera Italy Europe 550 BC Temple Part of a complex of three great temples in Doric style.[111]
Tomb of Cyrus Iran Asia 530 BC Tomb Tomb of Cyrus the Great, located in Pasargadae
Persepolis Iran Asia 522 BC Ceremonial capital Ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire
Yeha Temple Ethiopia Africa 500 BC Temple Temple of the sun and moon.
Parthenon Greece Europe 432–447 BC Temple In the Acropolis of Athens
Tomb of Seuthes III Tomb of Seuthes III Bulgaria Europe 450–400 BC Tomb The tomb was originally a monumental temple at Golyama Kosmatka Mound, built in the second half of the 5th century BC. After extended use as a temple, at the later part of the 3rd century BC the Thracian king Seuthes III was buried inside.
Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak Bulgaria Europe 300–400 BC Tomb Located near Seutopolis, the capital city of the Thracian king Seuthes III, and part of a large necropolis.[112]

It is one of the most elaborate tombs in the Valley of the Thracian Rulers where the first use of brickwork in Europe was established.

Sanchi Stupa India Asia 300 BC Buddhist temple In the village of Sanchi
Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari The Entrance to the Tomb Mound Bulgaria Europe 300–280 BC Tomb Discovered in 1982 in a mound, this 3rd century BC Getic tomb reflects the fundamental structural principles of Thracian cult buildings. The tomb's architectural decor is considered to be unique, with polychrome half-human, half-plant caryatids and painted murals.
Dhamek Stupa India Asia 249 BC rebuilt c. 500 AD Buddhist Temple In Sarnath, Varanasi
Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor China Asia Began construction 246 BC, finished 208 BC Tomb Commonly known as the Terracotta Army, this is one of the largest tombs ever built. It does not only contain the entire stone army, but a complex of halls and of the resting place of Qin Shi Huang.
Ruwanwelisaya Sri Lanka Asia 140 BC Stupa In Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
Broch of Mousa المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 100 BC Broch Located in Shetland it is among the best-preserved prehistoric buildings in Europe.[113][114]
Dun Carloway المملكه المتحده (Scotland) Europe 100 BC Broch Built in the first century BC[115]
Masada Israel Asia 37 BC Fortress Herod the Great built two palaces for himself on the mountain and fortified Masada between 37 and 31 BCE.
Maison Carrée France Europe 4–7 AD Temple one of the best preserved Roman temples, in Nîmes
Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb Museum China (Hong Kong) Asia 25 AD Tomb
Temple of Garni Armenia Asia c. 77 AD Temple
Colosseum Italy Europe 70–80 AD Amphitheatre

حسب القارة[تعديل]

بعض من أقدم المبانى المعروفة الموجودة فى القارات الرئيسية.

مبنى صورة دولة القارة بنيت لأول مرة يستخدم ملحوظات
غوبيكلى تيبى ديك رومى آسيا 9500 – 7500 قبل الميلاد معبد مش معروف، على الأرجح فى جنوب تركيا . يتضمن السرد مرحلتين من الاستخدام، يعتقد أنهما ذات طبيعة اجتماعية أو طقسية على ايد مكتشف الموقع والمنقّب كلاوس شميدت ، ويرجع تاريخهما لالألفية العاشرة لالثامنة قبل الميلاد. و قطر المبنى 300 متر وارتفاعه 15 مترا.
دورانكولاك (موقع أثري)
بلغاريا أوروبا 5500-4100 ق.م مستعمرة يجمع مجمع دورانكولاك الأثرى بين 3 مواقع: تل جوليميا أوستروف - الجزيرة الكبيرة، دورانكولاك - المقبرة ودورانكولاك - الحقول. توجد فى تل غوليميجا أوستروف (الجزيرة الكبيرة) مستوطنات من العصر الحجرى الحديث المبكر - ثقافة هاماندجيا التالت والرابع، والعصر الحجرى الحديث المتأخر - ثقافة فارنا، وحفر طقوس و أبراج قرابين من العصرين البرونزى والبرونزى - ثقافات تشيرنافودا الاولانى والتالت، مستوطنة محصنة من أواخر العصر البرونزى - ثقافة كوسلوجينى ("المجمع الثقافى ساباتينوفكا-نوا-كوسلوجيني")، ومبانى قديمة بيها معبد كهفى للإلهة سيبيل ومستوطنة بلغارية أولية من العصور الوسطى تضم الكتير من القاعات المستديرة، اللى كانت موجودة من القرن التاسع لالبداية من القرن الحداشر الميلادي. و سمك الطبقات الثقافية 3.20 - 3.50 م. تتكون تلة المستوطنة من سبعة آفاق طبقية.
سولنيتساتا Solnitsata بلغاريا أوروبا 5500 قبل الميلاد [116] مستعمرة يُعتقد أنها أقدم مدينة فى أوروبا، و كانت سولنتساتا موقع لمستوطنة حجرية محصنة ( مسورة ) تعود لعصور قبل التاريخ ( مدينة قبل التاريخ) ومنشأة لإنتاج الملح بالتقريب من الألفية السادسة لالألفية الخامسة قبل الميلاد؛ ازدهرت حوالى 4700-4200 قبل الميلاد.[117][118] اتلقا على مجموعة كبيرة من أقدم القطع الذهبية فى العالم فى مكان قريب، فى مقبرة فارنا [119]
سيتشين باجو بيرو أمريكا الجنوبية 3500 قبل الميلاد بلازا أقدم مبنى معروف فى الأمريكتين.[21][120]
شونة الزبيب ملف:خع سخموى Monument (I).jpg مصر افريقيا 2700 قبل الميلاد المعبد الجنائزي اتبنا كسور جنائزي، و هو مكان لعبادة الملك المتوفى و إحياء ذكرىه.
لوس نارانجوس هوندوراس أمريكا الشمالية 2000 قبل الميلاد المعابد أقدم المبانى الموجودة فى هوندوراس، شيّدها أسلاف شعب لينكا .[121]
نان مادول ولايات ميكرونيزيا الموحدة أوقيانوسيا 700s إعلان مدينة مدينة بناها البوهنبيان فى القرن السابع الميلادى على جزر من صنع الإنسان ( اتنشأت كمان بواسطة البوهنبيان). يحتوى Nan Madol على أقدم المبانى المعروفة الموجودة فى أوقيانوسيا.
أكواخ كيب أداري تبعية روس القارة القطبية الجنوبية 1899 إعلان أكواخ المستكشفين المبانى الخشبية اللى شيدت على ايد كارستن بورشجريفينك فى فيكتوريا لاند .[122]

شوف كمان[تعديل]

  • أقدم المبانى فى اسكتلندا
  • أقدم المبانى فى الأمريكتين
  • أقدم المبانى فى المملكة المتحدة
  • أقدم مبانى الكنيسة
  • أقدم المدن المأهولة باستمرار
  • أقدم المعابد اليهودية
  • أقدم المبانى فى امريكا
  • أقدم المساجد

مواقع

  • لوس ميلاريس ، موقع من العصر النحاسى فى ألميريا باسبانيا، بما فيها الآثار و إعادة البناء
  • موقع أنتقيرة دولمينات ، أنتقيرة مالقة اسبانيا، مجموعة تراثية ثقافية تضم 3 آثار ثقافية.

مصادر[تعديل]

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