كاربون

boron ← كربونطز → nitrogen - ↑ C ↓ Si 6C Periodic table
Appearance
clear (diamond) & black (graphite) Spectral lines of Carbon
General properties
Name, symbol, number	كربونطز, C, 6
Pronunciation	/ˈkɑrbən/
Element category	nonmetal
Group, period, block	14, 2, p
Standard atomic weight	12.0107(8)
Electron configuration	1s2 2s2 2p2 or [He] 2s2 2p2
Electrons per shell	2,4 (Image)
Physical properties
Phase	Solid
Density (near r.t.)	amorphous: 1.8–2.1 g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.)	graphite: 2.267 g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.)	diamond: 3.515 g·cm−3
Sublimation point	3915 K, 3642 °C, 6588 °F
Triple point	4600 K (4327°C), 10800 kPa
Heat of fusion	117 (graphite) kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity	8.517(graphite), 6.155(diamond) J·mol−1·K−1
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3, -4
Electronegativity	2.55 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st: 1086.5 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 2352.6 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 4620.5 kJ·mol−1
Covalent radius	77(sp³), 73(sp²), 69(sp) pm
Van der Waals radius	170 pm
Miscellanea
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Thermal conductivity	119-165 (graphite) 900-2300 (diamond) W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion	(25 °C) 0.8 (diamond) µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod)	(20 °C) 18350 (diamond) m·s−1
Young's modulus	1050 (diamond) GPa
Shear modulus	478 (diamond) GPa
Bulk modulus	442 (diamond) GPa
Poisson ratio	0.1 (diamond)
Mohs hardness	1-2 (Graphite) 10 (Diamond)
CAS registry number	7440-44-0
Most stable isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of كربونطز
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 15 12C 98.9% 12C is stable with 6 neutrons 13C 1.1% 13C is stable with 7 neutrons 14C trace 5730 y β- 0.156 14N

الكربون هو عنصر كيماوى عدده الذرى 6 و هو واحد من عناصر مجموعة الاربعتاشر فى الجدول الدورى للعناصر