قالب:Nobel Prize in Chemistry

من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعه الحره

This template's initial visibility currently defaults to autocollapse, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page (a navbox, sidebar, or table with the collapsible attribute), it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible.

To change this template's initial visibility, the |state= parameter may be used:

  • <div class="navbox-styles">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000001A-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000000-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000014-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000015-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000016-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000017-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000010-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000011-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000012-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000013-QINU`"'</div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000018-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000019-QINU`"'<div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view">[[قالب:Nobel Prize in Chemistry|<abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr>]]</li><li class="nv-talk">[[نقاش القالب:Nobel Prize in Chemistry|<abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr>]]</li><li class="nv-edit">[[Special:EditPage/قالب:Nobel Prize in Chemistry|<abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr>]]</li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">[[List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry|Laureates]] of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]]</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> * 1901: [[Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff|Jacobus van 't Hoff]] * 1902: [[Emil Fischer]] * 1903: [[Svante Arrhenius]] * 1904: [[William Ramsay]] * 1905: [[Adolf von Baeyer]] * 1906: [[Henri Moissan]] * 1907: [[Eduard Buchner]] * 1908: [[Ernest Rutherford]] * 1909: [[Wilhelm Ostwald]] * 1910: [[Otto Wallach]] * 1911: [[مارى كورى]] * 1912: [[Victor Grignard]] / [[Paul Sabatier (chemist)|Paul Sabatier]] * 1913: [[Alfred Werner]] * 1914: [[Theodore William Richards|Theodore Richards]] * 1915: [[Richard Willstätter]] * <span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span> * <span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1917</span> * 1918: [[Fritz Haber]] * <span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1919</span> * 1920: [[Walther Nernst]] * 1921: [[Frederick Soddy]] * 1922: [[Francis William Aston|Francis Aston]] * 1923: [[Fritz Pregl]] * <span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1924</span> * 1925: [[Richard Adolf Zsigmondy|Richard Zsigmondy]] </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div>[[File:Nobel Prize.png|80px|link=|alt=]]</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> * 1926: [[Theodor Svedberg]] * 1927: [[Heinrich Otto Wieland|Heinrich Wieland]] * 1928: [[Adolf Windaus]] * 1929: [[Arthur Harden]] / [[Hans von Euler-Chelpin]] * 1930: [[Hans Fischer]] * 1931: [[Carl Bosch]] / [[Friedrich Bergius]] * 1932: [[Irving Langmuir]] * <span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1933</span> * 1934: [[Harold Urey]] * 1935: [[Frédéric Joliot-Curie]] / [[Irène Joliot-Curie]] * 1936: [[Peter Debye]] * 1937: [[Norman Haworth]] / [[Paul Karrer]] * 1938: [[Richard Kuhn]] * 1939: [[Adolf Butenandt]] / [[Leopold Ružička]] * <span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span> * <span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span> * <span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span> * 1943: [[George de Hevesy]] * 1944: [[Otto Hahn]] * 1945: [[Artturi Ilmari Virtanen|Artturi Virtanen]] * 1946: [[James B. Sumner]] / [[John Howard Northrop|John Northrop]] / [[Wendell Meredith Stanley]] * 1947: [[Robert Robinson (chemist)|Robert Robinson]] * 1948: [[Arne Tiselius]] * 1949: [[William Giauque]] * 1950: [[Otto Diels]] / [[Kurt Alder]] </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> * 1951: [[Edwin McMillan]] / [[Glenn T. Seaborg]] * 1952: [[Archer Martin]] / [[Richard Laurence Millington Synge|Richard Synge]] * 1953: [[Hermann Staudinger]] * 1954: [[Linus Pauling]] * 1955: [[Vincent du Vigneaud]] * 1956: [[Cyril Norman Hinshelwood|Cyril Hinshelwood]] / [[Nikolay Semyonov]] * 1957: [[Alexander R. Todd|Alexander Todd]] * 1958: [[Frederick Sanger]] * 1959: [[Jaroslav Heyrovský]] * 1960: [[Willard Libby]] * 1961: [[Melvin Calvin]] * 1962: [[Max Perutz]] / [[John Kendrew]] * 1963: [[Karl Ziegler]] / [[Giulio Natta]] * 1964: [[Dorothy Hodgkin]] * 1965: [[Robert Burns Woodward|Robert Woodward]] * 1966: [[Robert S. Mulliken]] * 1967: [[Manfred Eigen]] / [[Ronald George Wreyford Norrish|Ronald Norrish]] / [[George Porter]] * 1968: [[Lars Onsager]] * 1969: [[Derek Barton]] / [[Odd Hassel]] * 1970: [[Luis Federico Leloir]] * 1971: [[Gerhard Herzberg]] * 1972: [[Christian B. Anfinsen]] / [[Stanford Moore]] / [[William Howard Stein|William Stein]] * 1973: [[Ernst Otto Fischer]] / [[Geoffrey Wilkinson]] * 1974: [[Paul Flory]] * 1975: [[John Cornforth]] / [[Vladimir Prelog]] </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> * 1976: [[William Lipscomb]] * 1977: [[Ilya Prigogine]] * 1978: [[Peter D. Mitchell]] * 1979: [[Herbert C. Brown]] / [[Georg Wittig]] * 1980: [[Paul Berg]] / [[Walter Gilbert]] / [[Frederick Sanger]] * 1981: [[Kenichi Fukui]] / [[Roald Hoffmann]] * 1982: [[Aaron Klug]] * 1983: [[Henry Taube]] * 1984: [[Robert Bruce Merrifield|Robert Merrifield]] * 1985: [[Herbert A. Hauptman]] / [[Jerome Karle]] * 1986: [[Dudley R. Herschbach]] / [[Yuan T. Lee]] / [[John Polanyi]] * 1987: [[Donald J. Cram]] / [[Jean-Marie Lehn]] / [[Charles J. Pedersen]] * 1988: [[Johann Deisenhofer]] / [[Robert Huber]] / [[Hartmut Michel]] * 1989: [[Sidney Altman]] / [[Thomas Cech]] * 1990: [[Elias James Corey|Elias Corey]] * 1991: [[Richard R. Ernst]] * 1992: [[Rudolph A. Marcus]] * 1993: [[Kary Mullis]] / [[Michael Smith (chemist)|Michael Smith]] * 1994: [[George Andrew Olah|George Olah]] * 1995: [[Paul J. Crutzen]] / [[Mario Molina]] / [[F. Sherwood Rowland]] * 1996: [[Robert Curl]] / [[Harry Kroto|Harold Kroto]] / [[Richard Smalley]] * 1997: [[Paul D. Boyer]] / [[John E. Walker]] / [[Jens Christian Skou]] * 1998: [[Walter Kohn]] / [[John Pople]] * 1999: [[Ahmed Zewail]] * 2000: [[Alan J. Heeger]] / [[Alan MacDiarmid]] / [[Hideki Shirakawa]] </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> * 2001: [[William Standish Knowles|William Knowles]] / [[Ryōji Noyori|Ryoji Noyori]] / [[Karl Barry Sharpless|K. Barry Sharpless]] * 2002: [[John B. Fenn]] / [[Koichi Tanaka]] / [[Kurt Wüthrich]] * 2003: [[Peter Agre]] / [[Roderick MacKinnon]] * 2004: [[Aaron Ciechanover]] / [[Avram Hershko]] / [[Irwin Rose]] * 2005: [[Robert H. Grubbs]] / [[Richard R. Schrock]] / [[Yves Chauvin]] * 2006: [[Roger D. Kornberg]] * 2007: [[Gerhard Ertl]] * 2008: [[Osamu Shimomura]] / [[Martin Chalfie]] / [[Roger Y. Tsien]] * 2009: [[Venki Ramakrishnan|Venkatraman Ramakrishnan]] / [[Thomas A. Steitz]] / [[Ada Yonath|Ada E. Yonath]] * 2010: [[Richard F. Heck]] / [[Akira Suzuki]] / [[Ei-ichi Negishi]] * 2011: [[Dan Shechtman]] * 2012: [[Robert Lefkowitz]] / [[براين كوبيلكا]] * 2013: [[Martin Karplus]] / [[Michael Levitt]] / [[Arieh Warshel]] * 2014: [[Eric Betzig]] / [[Stefan Hell]] / [[William E. Moerner]] * 2015: [[Tomas Lindahl]] / [[Paul L. Modrich]] / [[Aziz Sancar]] * 2016: [[Jean-Pierre Sauvage]] / [[Fraser Stoddart]] / [[Ben Feringa]] * 2017: [[Jacques Dubochet]] / [[Joachim Frank]] / [[Richard Henderson (biologist)|Richard Henderson]] * 2018: [[Frances Arnold]] / [[Gregory Winter]] / [[George Smith (chemist)|George Smith]] * 2019: [[John B. Goodenough]] / [[M. Stanley Whittingham]] / [[Akira Yoshino]] * 2020: [[Emmanuelle Charpentier]] / [[Jennifer Doudna]] * 2021: [[David MacMillan]] / [[Benjamin List]] * 2022: [[Carolyn Bertozzi|Carolyn R. Bertozzi]] / [[Morten P. Meldal]] / [[Karl Barry Sharpless]] * 2023: [[Moungi Bawendi|Moungi G. Bawendi]] / [[Louis E. Brus]] / [[Alexey Ekimov|Alexei I. Ekimov]] </div></td></tr></table></div> will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar.
  • <div class="navbox-styles">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000026-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000000-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000020-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000021-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000022-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000023-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000001C-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000001D-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000001E-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000001F-QINU`"'</div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000024-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000025-QINU`"'<div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view">[[قالب:Nobel Prize in Chemistry|<abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr>]]</li><li class="nv-talk">[[نقاش القالب:Nobel Prize in Chemistry|<abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr>]]</li><li class="nv-edit">[[Special:EditPage/قالب:Nobel Prize in Chemistry|<abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr>]]</li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">[[List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry|Laureates]] of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]]</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> * 1901: [[Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff|Jacobus van 't Hoff]] * 1902: [[Emil Fischer]] * 1903: [[Svante Arrhenius]] * 1904: [[William Ramsay]] * 1905: [[Adolf von Baeyer]] * 1906: [[Henri Moissan]] * 1907: [[Eduard Buchner]] * 1908: [[Ernest Rutherford]] * 1909: [[Wilhelm Ostwald]] * 1910: [[Otto Wallach]] * 1911: [[مارى كورى]] * 1912: [[Victor Grignard]] / [[Paul Sabatier (chemist)|Paul Sabatier]] * 1913: [[Alfred Werner]] * 1914: [[Theodore William Richards|Theodore Richards]] * 1915: [[Richard Willstätter]] * <span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span> * <span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1917</span> * 1918: [[Fritz Haber]] * <span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1919</span> * 1920: [[Walther Nernst]] * 1921: [[Frederick Soddy]] * 1922: [[Francis William Aston|Francis Aston]] * 1923: [[Fritz Pregl]] * <span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1924</span> * 1925: [[Richard Adolf Zsigmondy|Richard Zsigmondy]] </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div>[[File:Nobel Prize.png|80px|link=|alt=]]</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> * 1926: [[Theodor Svedberg]] * 1927: [[Heinrich Otto Wieland|Heinrich Wieland]] * 1928: [[Adolf Windaus]] * 1929: [[Arthur Harden]] / [[Hans von Euler-Chelpin]] * 1930: [[Hans Fischer]] * 1931: [[Carl Bosch]] / [[Friedrich Bergius]] * 1932: [[Irving Langmuir]] * <span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1933</span> * 1934: [[Harold Urey]] * 1935: [[Frédéric Joliot-Curie]] / [[Irène Joliot-Curie]] * 1936: [[Peter Debye]] * 1937: [[Norman Haworth]] / [[Paul Karrer]] * 1938: [[Richard Kuhn]] * 1939: [[Adolf Butenandt]] / [[Leopold Ružička]] * <span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span> * <span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span> * <span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span> * 1943: [[George de Hevesy]] * 1944: [[Otto Hahn]] * 1945: [[Artturi Ilmari Virtanen|Artturi Virtanen]] * 1946: [[James B. Sumner]] / [[John Howard Northrop|John Northrop]] / [[Wendell Meredith Stanley]] * 1947: [[Robert Robinson (chemist)|Robert Robinson]] * 1948: [[Arne Tiselius]] * 1949: [[William Giauque]] * 1950: [[Otto Diels]] / [[Kurt Alder]] </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> * 1951: [[Edwin McMillan]] / [[Glenn T. Seaborg]] * 1952: [[Archer Martin]] / [[Richard Laurence Millington Synge|Richard Synge]] * 1953: [[Hermann Staudinger]] * 1954: [[Linus Pauling]] * 1955: [[Vincent du Vigneaud]] * 1956: [[Cyril Norman Hinshelwood|Cyril Hinshelwood]] / [[Nikolay Semyonov]] * 1957: [[Alexander R. Todd|Alexander Todd]] * 1958: [[Frederick Sanger]] * 1959: [[Jaroslav Heyrovský]] * 1960: [[Willard Libby]] * 1961: [[Melvin Calvin]] * 1962: [[Max Perutz]] / [[John Kendrew]] * 1963: [[Karl Ziegler]] / [[Giulio Natta]] * 1964: [[Dorothy Hodgkin]] * 1965: [[Robert Burns Woodward|Robert Woodward]] * 1966: [[Robert S. Mulliken]] * 1967: [[Manfred Eigen]] / [[Ronald George Wreyford Norrish|Ronald Norrish]] / [[George Porter]] * 1968: [[Lars Onsager]] * 1969: [[Derek Barton]] / [[Odd Hassel]] * 1970: [[Luis Federico Leloir]] * 1971: [[Gerhard Herzberg]] * 1972: [[Christian B. Anfinsen]] / [[Stanford Moore]] / [[William Howard Stein|William Stein]] * 1973: [[Ernst Otto Fischer]] / [[Geoffrey Wilkinson]] * 1974: [[Paul Flory]] * 1975: [[John Cornforth]] / [[Vladimir Prelog]] </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> * 1976: [[William Lipscomb]] * 1977: [[Ilya Prigogine]] * 1978: [[Peter D. Mitchell]] * 1979: [[Herbert C. Brown]] / [[Georg Wittig]] * 1980: [[Paul Berg]] / [[Walter Gilbert]] / [[Frederick Sanger]] * 1981: [[Kenichi Fukui]] / [[Roald Hoffmann]] * 1982: [[Aaron Klug]] * 1983: [[Henry Taube]] * 1984: [[Robert Bruce Merrifield|Robert Merrifield]] * 1985: [[Herbert A. Hauptman]] / [[Jerome Karle]] * 1986: [[Dudley R. Herschbach]] / [[Yuan T. Lee]] / [[John Polanyi]] * 1987: [[Donald J. Cram]] / [[Jean-Marie Lehn]] / [[Charles J. Pedersen]] * 1988: [[Johann Deisenhofer]] / [[Robert Huber]] / [[Hartmut Michel]] * 1989: [[Sidney Altman]] / [[Thomas Cech]] * 1990: [[Elias James Corey|Elias Corey]] * 1991: [[Richard R. Ernst]] * 1992: [[Rudolph A. Marcus]] * 1993: [[Kary Mullis]] / [[Michael Smith (chemist)|Michael Smith]] * 1994: [[George Andrew Olah|George Olah]] * 1995: [[Paul J. Crutzen]] / [[Mario Molina]] / [[F. Sherwood Rowland]] * 1996: [[Robert Curl]] / [[Harry Kroto|Harold Kroto]] / [[Richard Smalley]] * 1997: [[Paul D. Boyer]] / [[John E. Walker]] / [[Jens Christian Skou]] * 1998: [[Walter Kohn]] / [[John Pople]] * 1999: [[Ahmed Zewail]] * 2000: [[Alan J. Heeger]] / [[Alan MacDiarmid]] / [[Hideki Shirakawa]] </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:right;width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> * 2001: [[William Standish Knowles|William Knowles]] / [[Ryōji Noyori|Ryoji Noyori]] / [[Karl Barry Sharpless|K. Barry Sharpless]] * 2002: [[John B. Fenn]] / [[Koichi Tanaka]] / [[Kurt Wüthrich]] * 2003: [[Peter Agre]] / [[Roderick MacKinnon]] * 2004: [[Aaron Ciechanover]] / [[Avram Hershko]] / [[Irwin Rose]] * 2005: [[Robert H. Grubbs]] / [[Richard R. Schrock]] / [[Yves Chauvin]] * 2006: [[Roger D. Kornberg]] * 2007: [[Gerhard Ertl]] * 2008: [[Osamu Shimomura]] / [[Martin Chalfie]] / [[Roger Y. Tsien]] * 2009: [[Venki Ramakrishnan|Venkatraman Ramakrishnan]] / [[Thomas A. Steitz]] / [[Ada Yonath|Ada E. Yonath]] * 2010: [[Richard F. Heck]] / [[Akira Suzuki]] / [[Ei-ichi Negishi]] * 2011: [[Dan Shechtman]] * 2012: [[Robert Lefkowitz]] / [[براين كوبيلكا]] * 2013: [[Martin Karplus]] / [[Michael Levitt]] / [[Arieh Warshel]] * 2014: [[Eric Betzig]] / [[Stefan Hell]] / [[William E. Moerner]] * 2015: [[Tomas Lindahl]] / [[Paul L. Modrich]] / [[Aziz Sancar]] * 2016: [[Jean-Pierre Sauvage]] / [[Fraser Stoddart]] / [[Ben Feringa]] * 2017: [[Jacques Dubochet]] / [[Joachim Frank]] / [[Richard Henderson (biologist)|Richard Henderson]] * 2018: [[Frances Arnold]] / [[Gregory Winter]] / [[George Smith (chemist)|George Smith]] * 2019: [[John B. Goodenough]] / [[M. Stanley Whittingham]] / [[Akira Yoshino]] * 2020: [[Emmanuelle Charpentier]] / [[Jennifer Doudna]] * 2021: [[David MacMillan]] / [[Benjamin List]] * 2022: [[Carolyn Bertozzi|Carolyn R. Bertozzi]] / [[Morten P. Meldal]] / [[Karl Barry Sharpless]] * 2023: [[Moungi Bawendi|Moungi G. Bawendi]] / [[Louis E. Brus]] / [[Alexey Ekimov|Alexei I. Ekimov]] </div></td></tr></table></div> will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.