نظام ايونى

نظام ايونى
نظام ايونى
طراز معمارى
	تعديل

النظام الإيونى بالانجليزى: Ionic order هو واحد من الأشكال التلاته من نظم الهندسة المعمارية الكلاسيكية، والآخران هما النظامان الدوريسى والكورنيثى. (أضيف نوعان آخران بعدها هم النظام التوسكانى الممتلئ والنمط المركب الكورنيثى فى القرن الستاشر.)

صور[تعديل]

19th century illustration of multiple polychrome elements of Ancient Greek architecture, including an Ionic capital in the top left, by Jacques Ignace Hittorff
Ancient Greek Ionic columns in the Temple of Apollo at Bassae, Bassae, Greece, illustration by Charles Robert Cockerell, unknown architect, c.429-400 BC^[1]
Ancient Greek Ionic columns of the Erechtheion, Greece, unknown architect, 421-405 BC^[2]
Roman Ionic columns of the Temple of Saturn, Rome, unknown architect, 3rd of 4th century AD^[3]
Byzantine Ionic capital in the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey, by Anthemius of Tralles or Isidore of Miletus, 6th century^[4]
Renaissance Ionic columns of the Villa La Rotonda, outside Vicenza, Italy, by Andrea Palladio, 1567-1605
Baroque Ionic columns in the Santi Luca e Martina, Rome, by Pietro da Cortona, 1634-1669^[5]
Baroque Ionic pilasters and columns in the bedroom of Hedvig Eleonora, Drottningholm Palace, Ekerö Municipality, Sweden, by Nicodemus Tessin the Elder, 1662-1681^[6]
Baroque Ionic columns on the garden façade of the Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France, by Jules Hardouin-Mansart, 1678–1688^[7]
Baroque Ionic columns in the Karlskirche, Vienna, Austria, 1715–1737, by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach^[8]
Rococo Ionic pilasters on the facade of the Amalienburg, Nymphenburg Palace Park, Munich, Germany, by François de Cuvilliés, 1734-1739^[9]
Rococo pilasters on the facade of the Église Saint-Jacques de Tarascon, Tarascon, France, by Jean-Baptiste Franque and Antoine Damour, 2nd hald of the 18th century^[10]
Neoclassical Ionic columns in the Syon House, London, by Robert Adam, c.1761-1765^[11]
Louis XVI style caryatids with Ionic capitals on their heads, on a jewelry locket of Marie-Antoinette, by Ferdinand Schwerdfeger, 1787, mahogany, mother-of-pearl inlays, paintings under glass, porcelain plate, and gilded bronzes, Chambre de la Reine, Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France^[12]
Neoclassical Ionic pilasters on the facade of the Gare du Nord, Paris, by Jacques Ignace Hittorff, 1861-1865^[13]
Beaux Arts stylized Ionic columns with capitals made of marine snails of the Pont Alexandre III, Paris, 1896-1900, by Joseph Cassien-Bernard and Gaston Cousin
Eclectic window railing with balusters with Ionic capitals of Strada Nicolae Filipescu no. 47, Bucharest, Romania, unknown architect, c.1900
Beaux Arts Ionic columns of the Petit Palais, Paris, by Charles Giraud, 1900^[14]
Beaux Arts Ionic columns on the facade of the Ducourneau Theater, Agen, France, by Guillaume Tronchet, 1906-1908
Polychrome Greek Revival Ionic capitals in the Washington Union Station, Washington, D.C., US, by Daniel Burnham, c.1907
Beaux Arts Ionic pilasters in the entrance hallway of the Rue de la Paix no. 23, Paris, unknown architect, 1908
Beaux Arts Ionic columns and pilasters of the Cantacuzino Palace, Florești, Romania, by Ion D. Berindey, 1910-1916
Beaux Arts Ionic pilasters on the facade of the Hôtel Roxoroid de Belfort (Avenue Bugeaud no. 29), Paris, 1911, by André Arfvidson
Neoclassical Ionic columns in a Secessionit poster, by Franz Stuck, 1911, lithograph, Poster Collection of the Basel School of Design, Basel, Switzerland
Art Deco reinterpretations of the Ionic column and pilaster of an unidentified house in the Quartier Lescure, Bordeaux, France, unknown architect, c.1925
Art Deco and Neoclassical Ionic pilasters in the Severance Hall, Cleveland, US, by Walker and Weeks, 1931
Postmodern reinterpretation of the Ionic column as the Capitello seating, designed by Studio 65 and produced by Gufram, polyurethane, 1972, unknown location^[15]
Postmodern vase inspired by the Ionic capital, deisgned by Michael Graves for Swid Powell, 1989, glazed porcelain, Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, US^[16]
Postmodern Ionic column of the M2 Building, Tokyo, Japan, by Kengo Kuma, 1991^[17]
Postmodern reinterpretations of Ionic columns of the Jacksonville Public Library, Jacksonville, US, by Robert A. M. Stern, 2005

مصادر[تعديل]

↑ Watkin, David (2022). A History of Western Architecture (in الإنجليزية). Laurence King. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-52942-030-2.
↑ Watkin, David (2022). A History of Western Architecture (in الإنجليزية). Laurence King. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-52942-030-2.
↑ Hopkins 2014, p. 14.
↑ Hodge 2019, p. 62.
↑ Watkin, David (2022). A History of Western Architecture (in الإنجليزية). Laurence King. p. 292. ISBN 978-1-52942-030-2.
↑ Giorgi, Rosa (2010). Secolul al XVII-lea - Secole de Artâ (in الرومانية). rao. p. 223. ISBN 978-606-8251-30-1.
↑ Martin, Henry (1927). Le Style Louis XIV (in الفرنسية). Flammarion. p. 21.
↑ Jones 2014, p. 230.
↑ Hodge 2019, p. 95.
↑ "Eglise Saint-Jacques". pop.culture.gouv.fr. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
↑ Watkin, David (2022). A History of Western Architecture (in الإنجليزية). Laurence King. p. 384. ISBN 978-1-52942-030-2.
↑ "Serre-bijoux de Marie-Antoinette". Retrieved 21 September 2023.
↑ Watkin, David (2022). A History of Western Architecture (in الإنجليزية). Laurence King. p. 444. ISBN 978-1-52942-030-2.
↑ Jones 2014, p. 294.
↑ Gura, Judith (2017). Postmodern Design Complete (in الإنجليزية). Thames & Hudson. p. 466. ISBN 978-0-500-51914-1.
↑ Gura, Judith (2017). Postmodern Design Complete (in الإنجليزية). Thames & Hudson. p. 335. ISBN 978-0-500-51914-1.
↑ Gura, Judith (2017). Postmodern Design Complete (in الإنجليزية). Thames & Hudson. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-500-51914-1.

[1] Watkin, David (2022). A History of Western Architecture (in الإنجليزية). Laurence King. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-52942-030-2.

[2] Watkin, David (2022). A History of Western Architecture (in الإنجليزية). Laurence King. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-52942-030-2.

[FOOTNOTEHopkins201414-3] Hopkins 2014, p. 14.

[FOOTNOTEHodge201962-4] Hodge 2019, p. 62.

[5] Watkin, David (2022). A History of Western Architecture (in الإنجليزية). Laurence King. p. 292. ISBN 978-1-52942-030-2.

[6] Giorgi, Rosa (2010). Secolul al XVII-lea - Secole de Artâ (in الرومانية). rao. p. 223. ISBN 978-606-8251-30-1.

[7] Martin, Henry (1927). Le Style Louis XIV (in الفرنسية). Flammarion. p. 21.

[FOOTNOTEJones2014230-8] Jones 2014, p. 230.

[FOOTNOTEHodge201995-9] Hodge 2019, p. 95.

[10] "Eglise Saint-Jacques". pop.culture.gouv.fr. Retrieved 13 September 2023.

[11] Watkin, David (2022). A History of Western Architecture (in الإنجليزية). Laurence King. p. 384. ISBN 978-1-52942-030-2.

[12] "Serre-bijoux de Marie-Antoinette". Retrieved 21 September 2023.

[13] Watkin, David (2022). A History of Western Architecture (in الإنجليزية). Laurence King. p. 444. ISBN 978-1-52942-030-2.

[FOOTNOTEJones2014294-14] Jones 2014, p. 294.

[15] Gura, Judith (2017). Postmodern Design Complete (in الإنجليزية). Thames & Hudson. p. 466. ISBN 978-0-500-51914-1.

[16] Gura, Judith (2017). Postmodern Design Complete (in الإنجليزية). Thames & Hudson. p. 335. ISBN 978-0-500-51914-1.

[17] Gura, Judith (2017). Postmodern Design Complete (in الإنجليزية). Thames & Hudson. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-500-51914-1.

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