روبرت ماكنامارا
روبرت ماكنامارا | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 8th United States Secretary of Defense | |
| In office 21 يناير, 1961– 29 فبراير, 1968[1] | |
| President | جون كينيدى ليندون چونسون |
| Deputy | روزويل جيلباتريك سايرس ڤانس پول نيتز |
| Preceded by | توماس جيتس چونيور |
| Succeeded by | كلارك كليفورد |
| ريس البنك الدولى | |
| In office 1 اپريل, 1968– 1 يوليه, 1981 | |
| Preceded by | چورچ وودز |
| Succeeded by | توم كلوزين |
| Personal details | |
| Born | روبرت سترينچ ماكنامارا يونيه 9, 1916 سان فرانسيسكو, كاليفورنيا, امريكا |
| Died | يوليه 6, 2009 (العمر خطأ لوا في وحدة:Age على السطر 669: attempt to call local 'Date' (a nil value).) واشينطون, امريكا |
| Political party | الحزب الجمهورى (من سنه 1978)[2] الحزب الديمقراطى (1978–2009)[2] |
| Spouse(s) |
Diana Masieri Byfield
(m. 2004) |
| Children | 3 (including Craig) |
| Education | University of California, Berkeley (BA) جامعة هارفارد (MBA) |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Branch/service |  جيش امريكا |
| Years of service | 1940–1946 |
| Rank | .svg){kind=small}  Lieutenant colonel |
| Unit |  قوات جويه |
روبرت ماكنامارا (انجليزى:Robert McNamara), ده سياسى امريكانى ووزير الدفاع سابق وراجل بيزنيس فى اداره الاعمال, اتولد يوم 9 يونيه 1916, ومات يوم 6 يوليه 2009, اتعرف الناس ان ماكنامارا هوا اللى خطط حرب فييتنام, و كان وزير الدفاع ايام الريس چون كينيدى و ليندون چونسون, وبعدها طلع ريس البنك الدولى فى فتره معينه.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
مصادر[تعديل]
- ↑ "Robert S. McNamara - John F. Kennedy / Lyndon Johnson Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense - Historical Office.
- ↑ أ ب "Robert S. McNamara dies at 93; architect of the Vietnam War". The Los Angeles Times.
According to a 1961 entry in Contemporary Biography, McNamara was a registered Republican. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat in 1978, according to public records in the District of Columbia.
- ↑ Radin, Beryl (2000), Beyond Machiavelli : Policy Analysis Comes of Age. Georgetown University Press.
- ↑ Weiner, Tim (July 6, 2009). "Robert S. McNamara, Architect of a Futile War, Dies at 93". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-07-06.
- ↑ Weiner, Tim. "Robert S. McNamara, Architect of a Futile War, Dies at 93".
- ↑ network.nationalpost.com, Vietnam-era U.S. Secretary of Defence Robert McNamara dead: report[permanent dead link], 6 July 2009, retrieved 6 July 2009
- ↑ sg.msn.com, Former US defense secretary McNamara dies[permanent dead link], 6 July 2009, retrieved 6 July 2009
- ↑ "In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam (interview)". booknotes.org. 23 April 1995. Archived from the original on 2012-09-27. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ↑ "Robert McNamara (California at Berkeley 1937) Passes Ad Astra". www.phigam.org. 6 July 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-02-25. Retrieved 9 July 2009.
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeMnVTNN1CA.
{{cite web}}: External link in|work=|title=(help); Missing or empty|url=(help) - ↑ Peck, David (February 2014). Voyage Without a Harbor: The History of Western Civilization in a Nutshell. iUniverse Com. p. 343.
مؤلفات واستزاده[تعديل]
- McCann, Leo "‘Management is the gate’ – but to where? Rethinking Robert McNamara’s ‘career lessons.’" Management and Organizational History, 11.2 (2016): 166-188.
- McMaster, Herbert R. Dereliction of duty: Johnson, McNamara, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the lies that led to Vietnam (1998).
- Rosenzweig, Phil. "Robert S. McNamara and the Evolution of Modern Management." Harvard Business Review, 91 (2010): 87-93.
- Shapley, Deborah. Promise and Power: The life and times of Robert McNamara (1993)
- Sharma, Patrick Allan. Robert McNamara's Other War: The World Bank and International Development (Uof Pennsylvania Press; 2017) 228 pages;.
- Slater, Jerome. "McNamara's failures—and ours: Vietnam's unlearned lessons: A review " Security Studies 6.1 (1996): 153-195.
- Stevenson, Charles A. SECDEF: The Nearly Impossible Job of Secretary of Defense (2006). ch 3
لينكات برانيه[تعديل]
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- Robert McNamara on the JFK and LBJ White House Tapes
- Federal Bureau of Investigation Records: The Vault - Robert McNamara
- AP Obituary in The Washington Post
- The Economist obituary
- Robert McNamara - Daily Telegraph obituary
- McNamara's Evil Lives On Archived 2010-11-20 at the Wayback Machine by Robert Scheer, The Nation, July 8, 2009
- McNamara and Agent Orange
- Biography of Robert Strange McNamara (website) Archived 2015-02-25 at the Wayback Machine
- Historical Office US Department of Defense
- Interview about the Cuban Missile Crisis and Interview about nuclear strategy for the WGBH series War and Peace in the Nuclear Age.
- Annotated bibliography for Robert McNamara from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
- Oral History Interviews with Robert McNamara, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Conversations with History: Robert S. McNamara, from the University of California Television (UCTV)
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله عن امريكا. و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان
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