الديانات الافريقيه التقليديه

الديانات الافريقيه التقليديه
الديانات الافريقيه التقليديه
دين
دين
	معرض صور الديانات الافريقيه التقليديه - ويكيميديا كومنز
	تعديل

يعد مصطلح الديانات الإفريقيه التقليديه مصطلح شامل يستخدم لجميع الأديان العرقية والعادات الدينية الشعبيه لـ شعوب إفريقيا (خاصة جنوب الصحراء الكبرى).

الديانات الإفريقية التقليدية هيا مجموعة من المعتقدات شديدة التنوع اللى تشمل مختلف الديانات العرقية. وبشكل عام، دى التقاليد شفهيه و مش كتابيه،^[1]^[2] وتشمل الإيمان بكمية مختلفة من الآلهة العليا والسفلى، بما فيها فى بعض الأحيان خالق أعلى، والإيمان بالروح، وتكريم الموتى، واستخدام السحر والطب التقليدى الأفريقي. ووفقا لوغيراً «إنها الديانة الوحيدة اللى ممكن أن تدعى أنها نشأت فى إفريقيا. والأديان التانيه الموجودة فى افريقيا ليها أصول فى أجزاء تانيه من العالم».^[3]^[4]

واجهت الديانات الأفريقية التقليدية الاضطهاد على ايد أنصار مختلف الأيديولوجيات.^[5]^[6] و تم تحويل أتباع دى الديانات بالقوة لالإسلام والمسيحية، وتمت شيطنة وتهميش أتباعها.^[7] الاضطهادات تشمل القتل، وشن الحرب، وتدمير الأماكن المقدسه، و غيرها من الأعمال الوحشية.^[8]^[9]

مصادر[تعديل]

↑ Juergensmeyer, Mark (2006). The Oxford Handbook Of Global Religions. ISBN 0-19-513798-1.
↑ S. Mbiti, John (1991). Introduction to African religion. ISBN 0-435-94002-3.
↑ "African Traditional Religion | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za. Archived from the original on 31 اكتوبر 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-31.
↑ "The spirituality of Africa". Harvard Gazette (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2015-10-06. Archived from the original on 19 يونيه 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-31.
↑ Anne C. Bailey, African Voices of the Atlantic Slave Trade: Beyond the Silence and the Shame. Archived 2017-08-16 at the Wayback Machine
↑ M. Darrol Bryant, Rita H. Mataragnon, The Many faces of religion and society (1985), Page 100, https://books.google.com/books?id=kv4nAAAAYAAJ:"African traditional religion went through and survived this type of persecution at the hands of Christianity and Islam..." Archived 2017-02-20 at the Wayback Machine
↑ Garrick Bailey, Essentials of Cultural Anthropology, 3rd ed. (2013), Page 268, https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1133603564:"Later, during the nineteenth century, Christian missionaries became active in Africa and Oceania. Attempts by Christian missionaries to convert nonbelievers to Christianity took two main forms: forced conversions and proselytizing." Archived 2020-11-18 at the Wayback Machine
↑ Festus Ugboaja Ohaegbulam, Towards and Understanding of the African Experience (1990), p. 161, https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0819179418:"The role of Christian missionaries are a private interest group in European colonial occupation of Africa was a significant one...Collectively their activities promoted division within traditional African societies into rival factions...the picture denigrated African culture and religion..." "نسخة مؤرشفة". Archived from the original on 18 نوفمبر 2020. Retrieved 30 ديسمبر 2020.
↑ Toyin Falola et al., Hot Spot: Sub-Saharan Africa: Sub-Saharan Africa (2010), p. 7, https://books.google.com/books?isbn=031335972:"A religion of Middle Eastern origin, Islam reached Africa via the northern region of the continent by means of conquest. The Islamic wars of conquest that would lead to the Islamization of North Africa occurred first in Egypt, when in about 642 CE the country fell to the invading Muslim forces from Arabia. Over the next centuries, the rest of the Maghreb would succumb to Jihadist armies...The notion of religion conversion, whether by force or peaceful means, is foreign to indigenous African beliefs...Islam, however, did not become a religion of the masses by peaceful means. Forced conversion was an indispensable element of proselytization." Archived 2020-11-18 at the Wayback Machine

[1] Juergensmeyer, Mark (2006). The Oxford Handbook Of Global Religions. ISBN 0-19-513798-1.

[2] S. Mbiti, John (1991). Introduction to African religion. ISBN 0-435-94002-3.

[3] "African Traditional Religion | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za. Archived from the original on 31 اكتوبر 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-31.

[4] "The spirituality of Africa". Harvard Gazette (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2015-10-06. Archived from the original on 19 يونيه 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-31.

[5] Anne C. Bailey, African Voices of the Atlantic Slave Trade: Beyond the Silence and the Shame. Archived 2017-08-16 at the Wayback Machine

[6] M. Darrol Bryant, Rita H. Mataragnon, The Many faces of religion and society (1985), Page 100, https://books.google.com/books?id=kv4nAAAAYAAJ:"African traditional religion went through and survived this type of persecution at the hands of Christianity and Islam..." Archived 2017-02-20 at the Wayback Machine

[7] Garrick Bailey, Essentials of Cultural Anthropology, 3rd ed. (2013), Page 268, https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1133603564:"Later, during the nineteenth century, Christian missionaries became active in Africa and Oceania. Attempts by Christian missionaries to convert nonbelievers to Christianity took two main forms: forced conversions and proselytizing." Archived 2020-11-18 at the Wayback Machine

[8] Festus Ugboaja Ohaegbulam, Towards and Understanding of the African Experience (1990), p. 161, https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0819179418:"The role of Christian missionaries are a private interest group in European colonial occupation of Africa was a significant one...Collectively their activities promoted division within traditional African societies into rival factions...the picture denigrated African culture and religion..." "نسخة مؤرشفة". Archived from the original on 18 نوفمبر 2020. Retrieved 30 ديسمبر 2020.

[9] Toyin Falola et al., Hot Spot: Sub-Saharan Africa: Sub-Saharan Africa (2010), p. 7, https://books.google.com/books?isbn=031335972:"A religion of Middle Eastern origin, Islam reached Africa via the northern region of the continent by means of conquest. The Islamic wars of conquest that would lead to the Islamization of North Africa occurred first in Egypt, when in about 642 CE the country fell to the invading Muslim forces from Arabia. Over the next centuries, the rest of the Maghreb would succumb to Jihadist armies...The notion of religion conversion, whether by force or peaceful means, is foreign to indigenous African beliefs...Islam, however, did not become a religion of the masses by peaceful means. Forced conversion was an indispensable element of proselytization." Archived 2020-11-18 at the Wayback Machine

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