ملوك النرويج

مفاتيح[تعديل]

P	Period of rulership
I	Independent period
D	Union with Denmark
S	Union with Sweden
DS	Union with Denmark and Sweden
R	Interregnum

Fairhair dynasty[تعديل]

P	Name, reign	Portrait	Birth	Marriages, issue	Death	Sources
I	Harald I Halfdansson Harald Fairhair c. 872–932	Non-contemporary	c. 850/860 Son of Halfdan the Black and Ragnhild	Various At least nine sons	c. 932 Rogaland	^[1]
I	Eric I Haraldsson Eric Bloodaxe c. 929–934		c. 895 Son of Harald I and Ragnhild Eriksdotter	Gunnhild Gormsdóttir Eight children	c. 952/4 England	^[2]
I	Haakon I Haraldsson Haakon the Good c. 934–960	Non-contemporary	c. 915–920 Son of Harald I and Tora Mosterstong	Never married	c. 960/1 Håkonshella (near Bergen)	^[3]
I	Harald II Ericsson Harald Greycloak c. 961–970	–	c. 935 Son of Eric I and Gunnhild Gormsdóttir	Never married	c. 970 Limfjord, Denmark	^[4]^[5]

House of Knýtlinga/Earl of Lade[تعديل]

P	Name, reign	Portrait	Birth	Marriages, issue	Death	Sources
D	Harald Bluetooth 961 – c. 980^[6] (de jure)	Non-contemporary	c. 925/35^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} Son of Gorm the Old and Thyra	^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}Gyrid of Sweden Four or six children Tove of the Obotrites No issue	987 latest Jomsborg	^[7]^[8]
R	Earl Haakon Sigurdsson 965/70–995^[6] (de facto)	Non-contemporary	c. 935 Trondheim Son of Sigurd Haakonsson and Bergljot Toresdatter	Tora Skagesdatter Nine children^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}	995 Rimul	^[9]

Non-dynastic[تعديل]

P	Name, reign	Portrait	Birth	Marriages, issue	Death	Sources
I	Olaf I Tryggvason 995–1000		968 Son of Tryggve Olafsson and Astrid Eiriksdottir	Various	c. 1000 Svolder	^[10]

House of Knýtlinga/Earls of Lade (restored)[تعديل]

P	Name, reign	Birth	Marriages, issue	Death	Sources
D	Sweyn Forkbeard 1000–1013^[6] (de jure)	c. 960 Son of Harald Bluetooth and Tove of the Obotrites	(1 & 2) Gunhild of Wenden or Sigrid the Haughty Eight or more children^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}	3 February^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} 1014 Gainsborough, Lincolnshire	^[11]^[12]
R	Earl Eric Haakonsson 1000–1015^[6] (de facto)	c. 964 Son of Haakon Sigurdsson and Gunhild Mieszcosdatter	Gytha Svendsdatter One son^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}	c. 1024 England	^[13]
R	Earl Sweyn Haakonsson 1000–1015^[6] (de facto)	c. 970 Son of Haakon Sigurdsson and Thora Skagesdatter	Holmfrid Eriksdatter Two daughters^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}	c. 1016 Russia	^[14]

St. Olaf dynasty[تعديل]

P	Name, reign	Portrait	Birth	Marriages, issue	Death	Sources
I	Olaf II Haraldsson Saint Olaf (Rex Perpetuus Norvegiae) 1015–1028		c. 995 Ringerike Son of Harald Grenske and Åsta Gudbrandsdatter	Astrid Olofsdotter One daughter	29 July 1030 Stiklestad aged 44–45	^[15]^[16]

House of Knýtlinga/Earl of Lade (restored, second time)[تعديل]

P	Name, reign	Birth	Marriages, issue	Death	Sources
D	Cnut the Great 1028–1035	c. 995 Son of Sweyn Forkbeard	(1) Ælfgifu of Northampton Two children (2) Emma of Normandy Two children	12 November 1035 Shaftesbury	^[6]^[17]^[18]
R	Earl Haakon Ericsson 1028–1029 (de facto)	c. 998 Son of Eric Haakonsson and Gytha Svendsdatter	Gunhild One daughter^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}	1029 Pentland Firth	^[19]^[20]^[21]
D	Sweyn Knutsson (with Ælfgifu) 1030–1035	c. 1015 Son of Cnut and Ælfgifu of Northampton	Never married	c. 1035	^[6]^[22]

St. Olaf dynasty (restored)[تعديل]

P	Name, reign	Portrait	Birth	Marriages, issue	Death	Sources
I	Magnus I Olafsson Magnus the Good 1035–1047		c. 1024 Illegitimate son of Olaf II and Alfhild	Never married	25 October 1047 Zealand aged 25	^[23]^[24]
D	Magnus I Olafsson Magnus the Good 1035–1047		c. 1024 Illegitimate son of Olaf II and Alfhild	Never married	25 October 1047 Zealand aged 25	^[23]^[24]

Hardrada dynasty[تعديل]

P	Name, reign	Birth, parents	Marriages, issue	Death	Sources
I	Harald III Sigurdsson Harald Hardrada 1046–1066	c. 1015 Son of Sigurd Syr and Åsta Gudbrandsdatter	(1) Elisiv of Kiev Two daughters (2) Tora Torbergsdatter (bigamously) Two sons	25 September 1066 Stamford Bridge, England aged 50–51	^[25]^[26]
I	Magnus II Haraldsson 1066–1069	c. 1049 Eldest son of Harald III and Tora Torbergsdatter	Never married	28 April 1069 Nidaros aged 19–20	^[27]
I	Olaf III Haraldsson Olaf Kyrre 1067–1093	c. 1050 Youngest son of Harald III and Tora Torbergsdatter	Ingerid of Denmark No issue	22 September 1093 Haukbø, Ranrike (now Håkeby, Sweden) aged 42–43	^[27]
I	Haakon (II) Magnusson Haakon Toresfostre 1093–1094	c. 1069 Illegitimate son of Magnus II	Never married	1095 Dovrefjell aged 25–26	^[28]
I	Magnus III Olafsson Magnus Barefoot 1093–1103	c. 1073 Illegitimate son of Olaf III and Tora Arnesdatter	Margaret Fredkulla No issue	24 August 1103 Ulster aged 29–30	^[29]
I	Olaf (IV) Magnusson 1103–1115	c. 1098 Illegitimate son of Magnus III and Sigrid Saxesdatter	Never married	22 December 1115 Nidaros aged 16–17	^[30]
I	Eystein I Magnusson 1103–1123	c. 1088 Illegitimate son of Magnus III	Ingebjørg Guttormsdatter Two children^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}	29 August 1123 Hustad, Fræna aged 34–35	^[31]
I	Sigurd I Magnusson Sigurd the Crusader 1103–1130	c. 1089 Illegitimate son of Magnus III and Tora	(1) Blathmin Ní Briain No issue (2) Malmfred of Kiev One daughter (3) Cecilia^{[dubious – discuss]} No issue	26 March 1130 Oslo aged 40–41	^[32]
I	Magnus IV Sigurdsson Magnus the Blind 1130–1135	c. 1115 Illegitimate son of Sigurd I and Borghild Olavsdatter	Christina of Denmark c. 1133 No issue	12 November 1139 Holmengrå aged 23–23	^[33]

Gille dynasty[تعديل]

P	Name, reign	Portrait	Birth, parents	Marriages, issue	Death	Sources
I	Harald IV Magnusson Harald Gille 1130–1136	–	c. 1102 Ireland/Hebrides Alleged illegitimate son of Magnus III	Ingrid of Sweden c. 1134 One son	14 December 1136 Bergen aged 32–33	^[34]
I	Sigurd II Haraldsson Sigurd Munn 1136–1155	–	c. 1133 Illegitimate son of Harald IV and Thora Guttormsdatter	Never married	10 June 1155 Bergen aged 21–22	^[35]
I	Inge I Haraldsson Inge the Hunchback 1136–1161	–	c. 1135 Only son of Harald IV and Ingrid of Sweden	Never married	4 February 1161 Oslo aged 25–26	^[36]
I	Eystein II Haraldsson 1142–1157	–	c. 1125 Shetland/Orkney/Hebrides Illegitimate son of Harald IV and Biadoc	Ragna Nikolasdatter No issue	21 August 1157 Ranrike (now Bohuslän) aged 31–32	^[37]
I	Magnus (V) Haraldsson 1142–1145	–	c. 1135 Illegitimate son of Harald IV	Never married	c. 1145 Norway	^[38]^[39]^[40]
I	Haakon II Sigurdsson Haakon the Broadshouldered 1157–1162	–	c. 1147 Illegitimate son of Sigurd II and Thora	Never married	7 July 1162 Sekken, Romsdalen aged 14–15	^[41]

Hardrada dynasty (restored), cognatic branch[تعديل]

P	Name, reign	Portrait	Birth, parents	Marriages, issue	Death	Sources
I	Magnus V Erlingsson 1161–1184	–	c. 1156 Son of Erling Skakke and Kristin Sigurdsdatter	Estrid Bjørnsdotter (possible) Two daughters^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}	15 June 1184 Fimreite aged 27–28	^[42]

Sverre dynasty[تعديل]

P	Name, reign	Portrait	Birth, parents	Marriage	Death	Sources
I	Sverre Sigurdsson 1184–1202		c. 1151 Bergen Alleged illegitimate son of Sigurd II and Gunnhild	Margaret of Sweden 1185	9 March 1202 Bergen aged 50–51	^[43]
I	Haakon III Sverresson 1202–1204	–	Before 1185 Illegitimate son of Sverre	Never married	1 January 1204 Bergen	^[44]
I	Guttorm Sigurdsson 1204	–	c. 1199 Illegitimate son of Sigurd Lavard	Never married	11 August 1204 Nidaros aged 4–5	^[45]

Gille dynasty, cognatic branch[تعديل]

P	Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
I	Inge II Bårdsson 1204–1217	–	c. 1185 Rissa son of Bård Guttormsson and Cecilia Sigurdsdatter	never married	23 April 1217 Nidaros aged 31–32

Sverre dynasty[تعديل]

P	Name	Birth	Marriages	Death
I	Haakon IV Haakonsson Haakon the Old 1217–1263	c. 1204 Folkenborg illegitimate son of Haakon III and Inga of Varteig	Margrete Skulesdatter 25 May 1225 Bergen four children	16 December 1263 Kirkwall aged 58–59
I	Haakon Haakonsson Haakon the Young 1240–1257	10 November 1232 Bergen second son of Haakon IV and Margrete Skulesdatter	Rikissa Birgersdotter c. 1251 Oslo one son	5 May 1257 Tønsberg aged 24
I	Magnus VI Haakonsson Magnus the Law-mender 1257–1280	1 May 1238 Tønsberg third son of Haakon IV and Margrete Skulesdatter	Ingeborg of Denmark 11 September 1261 Bergen four sons	9 May 1280 Bergen aged 42
I	Eric II Magnusson 1273–1299	c. 1268 Bergen third son of Magnus VI and Ingeborg of Denmark	(1) Margaret of Scotland September 1281 Bergen one daughter (2) Isabel Bruce bef. 25 September 1293 Bergen one daughter	15 July 1299 Bergen aged 30–31
I	Haakon V Magnusson 1299–1319	10 April 1270 Tönsberg fourth son of Magnus VI and Ingeborg of Denmark	(1) Isabelle de Joigny 1295 no issue (2) Euphemia of Rügen c. 1299 one daughter	8 May 1319 Tunsberg aged 49

House of Bjelbo[تعديل]

P	Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
S	Magnus VII Eriksson August 1319– 15 August 1343 (deposed)		c. 1316 Norway or Stockholm only son of Eric, Duke of Södermanland and Ingeborg of Norway	Blanche of Namur 5 November 1335 Bohus Castle two sons	1 December 1374 Lyngholmen aged 58
S	Haakon VI Magnusson 1343–1380		15 August 1340 Sweden second son of Magnus IV and Blanche of Namur	Margaret of Denmark 9 April 1363 Church of Our Lady one son	11 September 1380 Akershus Castle aged 40
I	Haakon VI Magnusson 1343–1380			Margaret of Denmark 9 April 1363 Church of Our Lady one son	11 September 1380 Akershus Castle aged 40
D	Olaf IV Haakonsson 1380–1387	Non-contemporary	December 1370 Akershus Castle only son of Haakon VI of Norway and Margaret I	never married	23 August 1387 Falsterbo Castle aged 16

House of Estridsen[تعديل]

P	Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
DS	Margaret 1380–1412 (de facto)		c. 1353 Vordingborg Castle youngest daughter of Valdemar IV and Helvig of Schleswig	Haakon VI of Norway 9 April 1363 Church of Our Lady one son	28 October 1412 Ship on Flensburg Fjord aged 58–59

House of Pomerania[تعديل]

P	Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
I	Eric III 8 September 1389–1442 (deposed) with Sigurd Jonsson		c. 1381/82 Rügenwalde Castle only son of Wartislaw VII, Duke of Pomerania and Mary of Mecklenburg-Schwerin	Philippa of England 26 October 1406 Lund Cathedral no issue	3 May 1459 Rügenwalde Castle aged 76–78
DS				Philippa of England 26 October 1406 Lund Cathedral no issue	3 May 1459 Rügenwalde Castle aged 76–78

House of Palatinate-Neumarkt[تعديل]

P	Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
DS	Christopher 4 June 1442– 5/6 January 1448		26 February 1416 Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz fifth son of John, Count Palatine of Neumarkt and Catherine of Pomerania	Dorothea of Brandenburg 12 September 1445 Copenhagen no issue	5/6 January 1448 Kärnan Castile aged 31
R	Interregnum (1448–1449) Sigurd Jonsson as regent

House of Bonde[تعديل]

P	Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
S	Charles I 20 November 1449– June 1450 (abdicated)		5 October 1409 Ekholmen Castle only son of Knut Tordsson Bonde and Margareta Karlsdotter Sparre	(1) Birgitta Bielke before 1 March 1429 two children (2) Katarina Gumsehuvud 5 October 1438 Stockholm nine children (3) Christina Abrahamsdotter c. 1470 Stockholm Castle two children	14 May 1470 Stockholm Castle aged 60

House of Oldenburg[تعديل]

P	Name	Birth	Marriages	Death
DS	Christian I 2 August 1450– 21 May 1481	February 1426 Oldenburg eldest son of Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg and Helvig of Schauenburg	Dorothea of Brandenburg 28 October 1449 Church of Our Lady five children	21 May 1481 Copenhagen Castle aged 55
R	Interregnum (1481–1483) Jon Svaleson Smør as regent
DS	John 20 July 1483– 20 February 1513	2 February 1455 Aalborghus Castle third son of Christian I and Dorothea of Brandenburg	Christina of Saxony 6 September 1478 Copenhagen five children	20 February 1513 Aalborghus Castle aged 58
DS	Christian II 22 July 1513–1523 (deposed)	1 July 1481 Nyborg Castle second son of John and Christina of Saxony	Isabella of Austria 12 August 1515 Copenhagen six children	25 January 1559 Kalundborg Castle aged 77
D	Christian II 22 July 1513–1523 (deposed)		Isabella of Austria 12 August 1515 Copenhagen six children	25 January 1559 Kalundborg Castle aged 77
D	Frederick I 1523–1533	7 October 1471 Haderslevhus Castle fourth son of Christian I and Dorothea of Brandenburg	(1) Anna of Brandenburg 10 April 1502 Stendal two children (2) Sophie of Pomerania 9 October 1518 Kiel Castle six children	10 April 1533 Gottorp Castle aged 61
R	Interregnum (1533–1537) Olav Engelbrektsson as regent
D	Christian III 1537– 1 January 1559	12 August 1503 Gottorp Castle only son of Frederick I and Anna of Brandenburg	Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg 29 October 1525 Lauenburg Castle five children	1 January 1559 Koldinghus Castle aged 55
D	Frederick II 1559–1588	1 July 1534 Haderslevhus Castle eldest son of Christian III and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg	Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 20 July 1572 Copenhagen eight children	4 April 1588 Antvorskov Castle aged 53
D	Christian IV 4 April 1588– 28 February 1648	12 April 1577 Frederiksborg Palace eldest son of Frederick II and Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow	(1) Anne Catherine of Brandenburg 27 November 1597 Haderslevhus Castle seven children (2) Kirsten Munk 31 December 1615 Copenhagen twelve children	28 February 1648 Rosenborg Castle aged 70
D	Frederick III 1 May 1648– 9 February 1670	18 March 1609 Haderslevhus Castle third son of Christian IV and Anne Catherine of Brandenburg	Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1 October 1643 Glücksburg Castle eight children	9 February 1670 Copenhagen Castle aged 60
D	Christian V 9 February 1670– 25 August 1699	15 April 1646 Duborg Castle eldest son of Frederick III and Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg	Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel 25 June 1667 Nykøbing Castle eight children	25 August 1699 Copenhagen Castle aged 53
D	Frederick IV 25 August 1699– 12 October 1730	11 October 1671 Copenhagen Castle eldest son of Christian V and Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel	(1) Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 5 December 1695 Copenhagen five children (2) Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg 6 September 1703 one son (3) Anne Sophie Reventlow 4 April 1721 Copenhagen three children	12 October 1730 Odense Palace aged 59
D	Christian VI 12 October 1730– 6 August 1746	30 November 1699 Copenhagen Castle second son of Frederick IV and Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow	Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach 7 August 1721 Pretzsch Castle three children	6 August 1746 Hirschholm Palace aged 46
D	Frederick V 6 August 1746– 14 January 1766	31 March 1723 Copenhagen Castle only son of Christian VI and Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach	(1) Louise of Great Britain 11 December 1743 Altona five children (2) Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 8 July 1752 Frederiksborg Palace one son	14 January 1766 Christiansborg Palace aged 42
D	Christian VII 14 January 1766– 13 March 1808	29 January 1749 Christiansborg Palace second son of Frederick V and Louise of Great Britain	Caroline Matilda of Great Britain 8 November 1766 Christiansborg Palace two children	13 March 1808 Rendsburg aged 59
D	Frederick VI 13 March 1808– 7 February 1814 (abdicated)	28 January 1768 Christiansborg Palace only son of Christian VII and Caroline Matilda of Great Britain	Marie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel 31 July 1790 Gottorp Castle eight children	3 December 1839 Amalienborg Palace aged 70
R	Interregnum (7 February 1814–17 May 1814) Christian Frederick as regent
I	Christian Frederick 17 May 1814– 14 August 1814 (abdicated)	18 September 1786 Christiansborg Palace eldest son of Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark and Norway and Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin	(1) Charlotte Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 21 June 1806 Ludwigslust Castle two sons (2) Caroline Amalie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg 22 May 1815 Augustenborg Palace no issue	20 January 1848 Amalienborg Palace aged 61
R	Interregnum (14 August 1814–4 November 1814) Marcus Gjøe Rosenkrantz as Prime Minister

House of Holstein-Gottorp[تعديل]

P	Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
S	Charles II 4 November 1814– 5 February 1818		7 October 1748 Stockholm Palace second son of Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia	Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp 7 July 1774 Stockholm Cathedral two children	5 February 1818 Stockholm Palace aged 69

House of Bernadotte[تعديل]

P	Name	Birth	Marriages	Death
S	Charles III John 5 February 1818– 8 March 1844	26 January 1763 Pau son of Jean Henri Bernadotte and Jeanne de Saint Vincent	Désirée Clary 17 August 1798 Sceaux one son	8 March 1844 Stockholm Palace aged 81
S	Oscar I 8 March 1844– 8 July 1859	4 July 1799 Paris only son of Charles III John and Désirée Clary	Josephine of Leuchtenberg 19 June 1823 Stockholm Cathedral five children	8 July 1859 Stockholm Palace aged 60
S	Charles IV 8 July 1859– 18 September 1872	3 May 1826 Stockholm Palace eldest son of Oscar I and Josephine of Leuchtenberg	Louise of the Netherlands 19 June 1850 Stockholm Cathedral two children	18 September 1872 Malmö aged 46
S	Oscar II 18 September 1872– 7 June 1905 or 26 October 1905 (deposed)	21 January 1829 Stockholm Palace third son of Oscar I and Josephine of Leuchtenberg	Sophia of Nassau 6 June 1857 Biebrich Palace four children	8 December 1907 Stockholm Palace aged 78
R	Interregnum (7 June/26 October 1905–18 November 1905) Christian Michelsen as Prime Minister

House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg[تعديل]

P	Name	Birth	Marriages	Death
I	هاكون السابع 18 November 1905– 21 September 1957	3 August 1872 Charlottenlund Palace second son of Frederick VIII of الدنمارك and Louise of Sweden	Maud of Wales 22 July 1896 Buckingham Palace one son	21 September 1957 Royal Palace, Oslo aged 85
I	اولف الخامس 21 September 1957– 17 January 1991	2 July 1903 Sandringham House only son of Haakon VII and Maud of Wales	Märtha of Sweden 21 March 1929 Oslo Cathedral three children	17 January 1991 The Royal Lodge, Holmenkollen aged 87
I	هارلد الخامس 17 January 1991– present	21 February 1937 Skaugum only son of Olav V and Märtha of Sweden	Sonja Haraldsen 29 August 1968 Oslo Cathedral two children	Incumbent

مصادر[تعديل]

"List of Norwegian kings" (in Norwegian). The Royal Court. Retrieved 2008-06-16.
Carlyle, Thomas (1875). The Early Kings of Norway: Also an Essay on the Portraits of John Knox. Chapman and Hall. ISBN 978-1-4068-4287-6. Retrieved 2008-06-15.

Notes

↑ Krag, Claus. "Harald 1 Hårfagre". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 24 October 2012.
↑ المرجع غلط: اكتب عنوان المرجع فى النُص بين علامة الفتح <ref> وعلامة الافل </ref> فى المرجع EricINBL
↑ Krag, Claus. "Håkon 1 Adalsteinsfostre". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 24 October 2012.
↑ المرجع غلط: اكتب عنوان المرجع فى النُص بين علامة الفتح <ref> وعلامة الافل </ref> فى المرجع Harald2NBL
↑ "Harald 2 Gråfell". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 24 October 2012.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج ^ح ^خ Krag, Claus (1995). Vikingtid og rikssamling: 800-1130. Aschehougs norgeshistorie. 2. p. 101. ISBN 8203220150.
↑ Blom, Grethe Authen. "Harald 1 Blåtand". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2 November 2012.
↑ "Harald 1. Blåtand". Den store danske (in Danish). Retrieved 2 November 2012.
↑ المرجع غلط: اكتب عنوان المرجع فى النُص بين علامة الفتح <ref> وعلامة الافل </ref> فى المرجع HåkonjarlNBL
↑ Krag, Claus. "Olav 1 Tryggvason". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 3 November 2012.
↑ "Svend 1. Tveskæg". Den store danske (in Danish). Retrieved 3 November 2012.
↑ "Svend 1 Tveskæg". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 3 November 2012.
↑ المرجع غلط: اكتب عنوان المرجع فى النُص بين علامة الفتح <ref> وعلامة الافل </ref> فى المرجع EirikjarlNBL
↑ Krag, Claus. "Svein Håkonsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 3 November 2012.
↑ "Olav 2 Haraldsson Den Hellige author=Norseng, Per G". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.
↑ Krag, Claus. "Olav 2 Haraldsson Den Hellige". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.
↑ "Knud 2. den Store". Den store danske (in Danish). Retrieved 5 November 2012.
↑ Norseng, Per G. "Knud 1 den store". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.
↑ Norseng, Per G. "Håkon Eiriksson". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.
↑ Krag, Claus. "Håkon Eiriksson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.
↑ "… og over nordmændene og en del af sveerne ." Den store danske (in Danish). Retrieved 5 November 2012.
↑ "Svend Alfivasen". Den store danske (in Danish). Retrieved 5 November 2012.
↑ Norseng, Per G. "Magnus 1 den gode". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.
↑ Krag, Claus. "Magnus 1 Olavsson Den Gode". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.
↑ Norseng, Per G. "Harald 3 Hardråde". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.
↑ Krag, Claus. "Harald 3 Hardråde". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.
^ ^أ ^ب Krag, Claus. "Magnus 2 Haraldsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.
↑ Krag, Claus. "Håkon Magnusson Toresfostre". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.
↑ Krag, Claus. "Magnus 3 Olavsson Berrføtt". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.
↑ Arstad, Knut Peter Lyche. "Olav Magnusson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.
↑ Krag, Claus. "Øystein 1 Magnusson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.
↑ Krag, Claus. "Sigurd 1 Magnusson Jorsalfare". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.
↑ Thuesen, Nils Petter. "Magnus 4 Sigurdsson Blinde". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.
↑ Arstad, Knut Peter Lyche. "eg. Gilchrist Harald 4 Gille". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.
↑ Helle, Knut. "Sigurd 2 Haraldsson Munn". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.
↑ Brathetland, Bente Opheim. "Inge 1 Haraldsson Krokrygg". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.
↑ Brathetland, Bente Opheim. "Øystein 2 Haraldsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.
↑ Helle, Knut (1995). Aschehougs norgeshistorie : 1130-1350. 3 : Under kirke og kongemakt 1130-1350, p. 14. Aschehoug.
↑ Koht, Halvdan (1940). Norsk biografisk leksikon. Aschehoug. p. 35.
↑ Barber, Malcolm (2004). Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050-1320. Routledge. p. 347.
↑ Brathetland, Bente Opheim. "Håkon 2 Sigurdsson Herdebrei". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.
↑ Helle, Knut. "Magnus 5 Erlingsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.
↑ Helle, Knut. "Sverre Sigurdsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.
↑ Bjørgo, Narve. "Håkon 3 Sverresson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.
↑ Helle, Knut. "Guttorm Sigurdsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.

لينكات برانيه[تعديل]

[1] Krag, Claus. "Harald 1 Hårfagre". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 24 October 2012.

[EricINBL-2] المرجع غلط: اكتب عنوان المرجع فى النُص بين علامة الفتح <ref> وعلامة الافل </ref> فى المرجع EricINBL

[3] Krag, Claus. "Håkon 1 Adalsteinsfostre". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 24 October 2012.

[Harald2NBL-4] المرجع غلط: اكتب عنوان المرجع فى النُص بين علامة الفتح <ref> وعلامة الافل </ref> فى المرجع Harald2NBL

[5] "Harald 2 Gråfell". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 24 October 2012.

[Aschehougp101-6] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج ^ح ^خ Krag, Claus (1995). Vikingtid og rikssamling: 800-1130. Aschehougs norgeshistorie. 2. p. 101. ISBN 8203220150.

[7] Blom, Grethe Authen. "Harald 1 Blåtand". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2 November 2012.

[8] "Harald 1. Blåtand". Den store danske (in Danish). Retrieved 2 November 2012.

[HåkonjarlNBL-9] المرجع غلط: اكتب عنوان المرجع فى النُص بين علامة الفتح <ref> وعلامة الافل </ref> فى المرجع HåkonjarlNBL

[10] Krag, Claus. "Olav 1 Tryggvason". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 3 November 2012.

[11] "Svend 1. Tveskæg". Den store danske (in Danish). Retrieved 3 November 2012.

[12] "Svend 1 Tveskæg". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 3 November 2012.

[EirikjarlNBL-13] المرجع غلط: اكتب عنوان المرجع فى النُص بين علامة الفتح <ref> وعلامة الافل </ref> فى المرجع EirikjarlNBL

[14] Krag, Claus. "Svein Håkonsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 3 November 2012.

[15] "Olav 2 Haraldsson Den Hellige author=Norseng, Per G". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.

[16] Krag, Claus. "Olav 2 Haraldsson Den Hellige". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.

[17] "Knud 2. den Store". Den store danske (in Danish). Retrieved 5 November 2012.

[18] Norseng, Per G. "Knud 1 den store". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.

[19] Norseng, Per G. "Håkon Eiriksson". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.

[20] Krag, Claus. "Håkon Eiriksson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.

[21] "… og over nordmændene og en del af sveerne ." Den store danske (in Danish). Retrieved 5 November 2012.

[22] "Svend Alfivasen". Den store danske (in Danish). Retrieved 5 November 2012.

[23] Norseng, Per G. "Magnus 1 den gode". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.

[24] Krag, Claus. "Magnus 1 Olavsson Den Gode". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.

[25] Norseng, Per G. "Harald 3 Hardråde". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.

[26] Krag, Claus. "Harald 3 Hardråde". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.

[Krag,_Claus-27] أ ^ب Krag, Claus. "Magnus 2 Haraldsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.

[28] Krag, Claus. "Håkon Magnusson Toresfostre". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 November 2012.

[29] Krag, Claus. "Magnus 3 Olavsson Berrføtt". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.

[30] Arstad, Knut Peter Lyche. "Olav Magnusson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.

[31] Krag, Claus. "Øystein 1 Magnusson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.

[32] Krag, Claus. "Sigurd 1 Magnusson Jorsalfare". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.

[33] Thuesen, Nils Petter. "Magnus 4 Sigurdsson Blinde". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.

[34] Arstad, Knut Peter Lyche. "eg. Gilchrist Harald 4 Gille". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.

[35] Helle, Knut. "Sigurd 2 Haraldsson Munn". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.

[36] Brathetland, Bente Opheim. "Inge 1 Haraldsson Krokrygg". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.

[37] Brathetland, Bente Opheim. "Øystein 2 Haraldsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.

[38] Helle, Knut (1995). Aschehougs norgeshistorie : 1130-1350. 3 : Under kirke og kongemakt 1130-1350, p. 14. Aschehoug.

[NBL-39] Koht, Halvdan (1940). Norsk biografisk leksikon. Aschehoug. p. 35.

[40] Barber, Malcolm (2004). Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050-1320. Routledge. p. 347.

[41] Brathetland, Bente Opheim. "Håkon 2 Sigurdsson Herdebrei". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.

[42] Helle, Knut. "Magnus 5 Erlingsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.

[43] Helle, Knut. "Sverre Sigurdsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.

[44] Bjørgo, Narve. "Håkon 3 Sverresson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.

[45] Helle, Knut. "Guttorm Sigurdsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012.

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ملوك النرويج

المحتويات

مفاتيح[تعديل]

Fairhair dynasty[تعديل]

House of Knýtlinga/Earl of Lade[تعديل]

Non-dynastic[تعديل]

House of Knýtlinga/Earls of Lade (restored)[تعديل]

St. Olaf dynasty[تعديل]

House of Knýtlinga/Earl of Lade (restored, second time)[تعديل]

St. Olaf dynasty (restored)[تعديل]

Hardrada dynasty[تعديل]

Gille dynasty[تعديل]

Hardrada dynasty (restored), cognatic branch[تعديل]

Sverre dynasty[تعديل]

Gille dynasty, cognatic branch[تعديل]

Sverre dynasty[تعديل]

House of Bjelbo[تعديل]

House of Estridsen[تعديل]

House of Pomerania[تعديل]

House of Palatinate-Neumarkt[تعديل]

House of Bonde[تعديل]

House of Oldenburg[تعديل]

House of Holstein-Gottorp[تعديل]

House of Bernadotte[تعديل]

House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg[تعديل]

مصادر[تعديل]

لينكات برانيه[تعديل]

لستة التصفح

ادوات شخصيه

النطاقات

المتغيرات

مناظر

اكتر

تدوير

استكشاف

تواصل

اطبع/صدّر

علبة العده

بلغات تانيه