انتقل إلى المحتوى

اجيال نوح وفق الكتاب المقدس العبرى

من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعه الحره
 اجيال نوح وفق الكتاب المقدس العبرى

تعديل  طالع توثيق القالب

نسل نوح سام وحام ويافث

[تعديل]
خريطة سنة 1823 لروبرت ويلكينسون (شوف كمان نسخة 1797 هنا ). قبل نص القرن التسعتاشر ، كان سام مرتبط بكل آسيا ، ولحم مع كل إفريقيا ويافث بكل اوروبا.

يخبرنا سفر التكوين كيف أن نوح و أبناؤه التلاته سام و حام و يافث ، مع زوجاتهم ، قد أنقذوا من الطوفان لإعادة إسكان الأرض.

  • نسل سام : يعطى التكوين الاصحاح 10: 21-30 قائمة واحدة من نسل سام. فى الاصحاح 11: 10-26 قائمة ثانية من نسل سام أسماء ابراهيم وبالتالى العرب وإسرائيل . [1] من وجهة نظر بعض العلما الاوروبيين فى القرن السبعتاشر ( مثل جون ويب ) ، الشعوب الامريكانيه الأصلية فى امريكا الشمالية والجنوبية وشرق بلاد فارس و "الهنود" تنحدر من شيم ، [2] ممكن بنسله يقطان .[3][4] يُعرِّف بعض الخلقيين المعاصرين شيم على أنه سلف مجموعة هابلوغروب Y-chromosomal IJ ، وبالتالى مجموعات هابلوغروب I (شائعة فى شمال اوروبا) و J (شائعة فى الشرق الأوسط).
  • نسل حام : جد كوش ، مصر ، وفوط ، وكنعان اللى تضم أراضيها أجزاء من إفريقيا. كما تم ربط السكان الأصليين الأستراليين والسكان الأصليين فى جينيا الجديدة بهام.[5] أصل اسمه غير مؤكد. و ربطه بعض العلما بمصطلحات مرتبطة بالألوهية ، لكن من غير المرجح أن يكون وضع حام إلهى أو شبه إلهى. [6]
  • أحفاد يافث : يرتبط اسمه باليونانى الأسطورى تيتان إيابيتوس ، ومن أبنائه جافان ، مدن إيونيا الناطقة باليونانية. [7] فى تكوين 9:27 ، تشكل تورية مع الجذر العبرى yph : "لِيَفْسِحِ الله مكان [ الهيبهيل من جذر yph] ليافث ، علشان يعيش فى خيام سام وممكن يكون كنعان عبدًا له." [8]

عن تقليد يهودى قديم موجود فى الآرامية Targum لجوناثان بن عزييل الزائف ، [9] إشارة سردية لأصول الأمم فى Genesis 10:2–ff يليها ، اللى ، بشكل أو بآخر ، تم نقلها كمان من قبل جوزيفوس فى كتابه الآثار ، [10] تكرر فى التلمود ، [11] وتم تفصيله من قبل علما اليهود فى العصور الوسطانيه ، زى الأعمال اللى كتبها سعيد ابن يوسف الفيومى ، [12] جوسيبون ، [13] ودون إسحاق أباربانيل ، [14] اللى ، بناء على معرفتهم الخاصة بالأمم ، أظهروا أنماط هجرتهم فى وقت تكوينهم:

"ولاد يافث هم جومر ، [15] وماجوج ، [16] وماداى ، [17][18] وجوان ، [19] وتوفال ، [20] وماشك [21] وتيراس ، [22] فى الوقت نفسه أسماء أبرشيتهم افريقيا|افريقيا الصحيحة]] ، [23] و Germania ، [24] و Media ، و مقدونيا و Bithynia ، [25] و Moesia (var. ميسيا) وتراقيا . دلوقتى ، كان ولاد جومر أشكناز ، [26] ورفعت [27] وتوجرمة ، [28][29] فى الوقت نفسه أسماء أبرشيتهم هيا آسيا ، [30] وبارثيا و "أرض البرابرة". ولاد جاوان هم أليشع [31] و Tarshish [32] Kitim [33] و Dodanim ، [34] فى الوقت نفسه أسماء أبرشيتهم هيا إليس ، [35] و طرسوس ، أخائية [36] ودردانية ". - Targum Pseudo-Jonathan فى تكوين 10: 2-5

"بنو هم كوش ومرايم [37] وفو (فوت) [38] وكنعان [39] فى الوقت نفسه أسماء أبرشيتهم هيا شبه الجزيرة العربية ومصر و إليريق [40] وكنعان . ولاد كوش هم صبا [41] وحولة [42] وصفتة [43] ورعمة وصفتة ، [44] [بينما ولاد رحمه هم شيفا وددان].[45] تسمى أسماء أبرشيتهم Sīnīrae ، [46] و Hīndīqī ، [47] Samarae ، [48] Lūbae ، [49] Zinğae ، [50] فى الوقت نفسه ولاد موريتينوس [51] هم [سكان] زمارغاد و [سكان] مزاغ . " [52] - Targum Pseudo-Jonathan فى تكوين 10: 6-7

"ولاد سام هم عيلام [53] وآشور [54] وأرفكشاد [55] ولود [56] وآرام.[57] ودول بنو ارام عوص [58] وهول [59] وجاثر وماش.[60] ] دلوقتى ، Arphaxad ولد Shelah (صلاح) ، و Shelah ولد Eber .[61] ولد لعابر ولدان ، واحد منهم يدعى فالج ، [62] حيث انقسمت [أمم] الأرض فى أيامه ، واسم اخوه يقطان .[63] ولد يقطان المداد فقاس الارض بالحبال.[64] شليف ، اللى استخرج ميه الأنهار.[65] وحازرمفث [66] وجراح [67] وهدورام [68] و أوزال [69] ودقلة [70] و أوبال [71] و أبيمايل [72] وشبا [68] [73] و Ophir ، [74] و حويلة ، [75] ويوباب ، [76] وجميعهم من ولاد يقطان. " [77] - Targum Pseudo-Jonathan فى تكوين 10: 22-28

نسل

[تعديل]
سليل نوح (تكوين 10: 2 - 10:23) التعريفات التاريخية المقترحة
جومر السيميريون
ماجوج ليديا ( عيله مرناد )
ماداى غير مؤكد ، يُحسب فى العاده على أنه الميديين ، لكن المقترحات التانيه بتشمل ماتين ، ومنيع ، وميتانى .
جافان الأيونيون
توبال طبال
مشيك الموسكى
اشكناز السكيثيين
ريفاث غير مؤكد ، بتشمل المقترحات Paphlagonia و Arimaspi شبه التاريخية .
توجرمة Tegarama
اليشة غير مؤكد ، يُحسب فى العاده على أنه العاشيا ،  لكن هناك مقترحات تانيه بتشمل Magna Graecia ، و Sicels ،  الإيولايين [ ] وقرطاج .
ترشيش ترشيش ، رغم ان موقعها قد نوقش لعدة قرون و لسه غير مؤكد.
كتيم كيتيون
دودانيم غير مؤكد ، ومما زاد من تعقيده تصديقه اللاحق باسم R odanim . دول اللى يفترضون أن دودانيم يمثل الشكل الأصلى قد اقترحوا دودونا،  [  دردانيا ،  ودردانوس .  فى حين أن دول اللى يفترضون أن رودانيم يمثل النسخة الأصلية قد اقترحوا بشكل عام بالتقريب رودس .
كوش كوش
مصرايم مصر
يضع ليبيا القديمة
كنعان كنعان
سيبا غير مؤكد
حويلة غير مؤكد ، المقترحات بتشمل النوبة ،  شبه الجزيرة العربية ،  الصومال ،  وجزيرة البحرين .
سبتة غير مؤكد
رامة غير مؤكد
سبتكا غير مؤكد
شيبا السبع
ديدان لحيان
نمرود توجد مقترحات مختلفة غير مؤكدة تتخيل نمرود كمجموعة عرقية وشخص ومدينة و إله.
لوديم غير مؤكد ، يُقترح ساعات لتمثيل ليبيا
اناميم غير مؤكد
لهبيم غير مؤكد ، متزامن ساعات مع Ludim.
نفتوحيم غير مؤكد
باتروسيم باتروس
" الكاسلوهيت " Kasluḥet من مصر ، التعريف الحديث غير مؤكد.
" الكفتوريين " Caphtor ، تحديد الهوية الحديثة غير مؤكد ، بتشمل المقترحات كيليكيا وقبرص وكريت .
صيدا صيدا
حيث الحثيين التوراتية
" اليبوسيون " يبوس ، المعروف تقليديا باسم القدس
" الاموريين " أمورو
" الجرجاشون " غير مؤكد
" Hivites " غير مؤكد
" Arkites " عرقة
" السينيين " غير مؤكد
" الأرفاديون " ارواد
" الزماريون " سمور
" الحماثيون " حماة
عيلام عيلام
آشور أشور
لود ليديا
ارام ارام
أوز تشمل المواقع المفترضة " أرض عوز " أرام و أدوم
هول غير مؤكد
جاثر غير مؤكد
الهريس غير مؤكد

مراجع

[تعديل]
  1. ↑ Strawn 2000a.
  2. ↑ . ISBN:0-8248-1219-0. {{استشهاد بكتاب}}: الوسيط |title= غير موجود أو فارغ (مساعدة)
  3. ↑ {{استشهاد ويب}}: استشهاد فارغ! (مساعدة)
  4. ↑ . DOI:10.1080/0308569032000097495. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الاستشهاد بدورية محكمة يطلب |دورية محكمة= (مساعدة) والوسيط |title= غير موجود أو فارغ (مساعدة)
  5. ↑ {{استشهاد ويب}}: استشهاد فارغ! (مساعدة)
  6. ↑ Strawn 2000b.
  7. ↑ Blenkinsopp 2011.
  8. ↑ Thompson 2014.
  9. ↑ Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (1974)
  10. ↑ Josephus 1998.
  11. ↑ التلمود اليروشلمى. Megillah 1:9 [10a]؛ التلمود البابلى. Yoma 10a
  12. ↑ Saadia Gaon 1984.
  13. ↑ Josippon 1971.
  14. ↑ Abarbanel 1960.
  15. ↑ According to يوسيفوس فلافيوس. Gomer's descendants settled in Galatia. According to سوزومن؛ فيلوستورغيوس (1855), pp. 431–432, "Upper Galatia and the district lying around the Alps were later called Gallia, or Gaul by the Romans." Cf. التلمود البابلى (Yoma 10a) where it associates Gomer with the land of Germania. According to 2nd-century author, اريتايوس القبادوقى. the قلط were thought to be an offshoot of the غاليون.
  16. ↑ His progeny were initially called by the Greeks "سكوثيون" (هيرودوت. Book IV. 3–7; pp. 203–207), a people that originally inhabited those lands stretching between the Black and Aral Seas (S.E. Europe and Asia), although some of which people later went as far eastward as the جبال التاى. اسحاق ابرابانيل (1960:173) alleges that Magog was also the progenitor of the قوط. a Germanic race. The Goths have a history of migration where they are known to have settled among other nations, such as among the inhabitants of Italy and of France and of Spain. See ايزيدور الإشبيلى (1970:3). The التلمود اليروشلمى. Leiden MS. (Megillah 1:9 [10a]) uses the word غيتيون to describe the descendants of Magog. According to Isidore of Seville (2006:197), the داتشيون (the ancient people inhabiting رومانيا - formerly Thrace) were offshoots of the Goths.
  17. ↑ According to يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.1.), Madai's posterity inhabited the country of the Medes, the capital city of which, according to هيرودوت. was اكباتان.
  18. ↑ . ISBN:0-674-99133-8. {{استشهاد بكتاب}}: الوسيط |title= غير موجود أو فارغ (help) ((ردمك 0-434-99119-8) - British)
  19. ↑ According to Josippon (1971:1), the descendants of Javan inhabited مقدونيا. According to يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.1.), from Javan were derived the Ionians and all the Grecians.
  20. ↑ According to يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.1), the descendants of Tuval settled in the شبه الجزيرة الإيبيرية. Abarbanel (1960:173), citing Josippon. concurs with this view, who adds that, besides Spain, some of his descendants had also settled in بيزا (of Italy), as well as in France along the السين (نهر). and in Britain. The التلمود اليروشلمى (Megillah 10a), following the Aramaic Targum, ascribes the descendants of Tuval to the region of بيثينيا. Alternatively, Josephus may have been referring to the Caucasian Iberians. the ancestors of modern جورجيون.
  21. ↑ According to يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.1), Meshech was the father of the indigenous peoples of كبادوكيا in Central Anatolia, Turkey, where they had built the city Mazaca. This view is followed by Abarbanel (1960:173), although he seemed to confound Cappadocia with another place by the same name in ارمينيا الكبرى. near the Euphrates River. R. سعيد الفيومى (1984:32 - note 5) opined that the descendants of Meshech had also settled in Khorasan. The التلمود اليروشلمى (Megillah 10a), following the Aramaic Targum, ascribes the descendants of Meshech to the region of مويسيا.
  22. ↑ According to يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.1) and the التلمود اليروشلمى (Megillah 10a), the descendants of Tiras are said to have originally settled in the country of تراقيا (Thracians). In the التلمود البابلى (Yoma 10a), one rabbi holds that some of his descendants settled in ايران. a view held also by R. سعيد الفيومى (1984:32). According to Josippon (1971:1), Tiras was the ancestor of the Russian people (perhaps كييف روس), as well as of those peoples who first settled in البوسنة والهرسك. and in انجلترا (perhaps referring to the ancient Britons. the بيكتيون. and the Scots – a Celtic race). This opinion seems to be followed by Abarbanel (1960:173) who wrote that Tiras was the ancestor of the Russian people and of the native peoples of England. As for the early Britons and Picts, according to The Saxon Chronicles, they were joined by the Angles and Jutes (Denmark) from the ساكسون. The Jutes had established colonies in Kent and Wight. whilst the Angles had established colonies in مرسيا and in all the نورثمبريا in about 449 CE.
  23. ↑ The sense here is to Africa Zeugitana in the north; Africa Byzacena to its adjacent south (corresponding to eastern Tunisia), and Africa Tripolitania to its adjacent south (corresponding to southern Tunisia and northwest Libya). All of which were part of the Dioecesis Africae, or Africa propria, in early Roman times. See ليون الإفريقى (1974), vol. 1, p. 22. Neubauer (1868:400) thought that Afriki in the Aramaic text "should necessarily represent a country in Asia here. Some scholars want to see Phrygia there, others Iberia" (End Quote).
  24. ↑ Historians and anthropologists note that the entire region east of the راين was known by the Romans as Germania (Germany), or what is transcribed in some sources as Germani, Germanica. The region, though now settled by a multitude of mixed peoples, was resettled some 4,500 years ago (based on a study presented in 2013 by Professor Alan J. Cooper. from the Australian Center for Ancient DNA, and by fellow co-worker Dr. Wolfgang Haak, who carried out research on early العصر الحجرى الحديث skeletons discovered during an excavation in Sweden, and published in the article, "Ancient Europeans Mysteriously Vanished 4,500 Years Ago"); being resettled by a group of peoples comprising the Germanic Tribes, which group is largely thought to include the قوط. whether قوط شرقيين or قوط غربيون. the وندال and the فرانكيين، برغنديون، الان، لومبارديون، Angles، ساكسون، يوت، سويبيون and الامانيون.
  25. ↑ According to Pausanias. in his Description of Greece (on Arcadia 8.9.7.), "the Bithynians are by descent Arcadians of مانتينيا." that is to say, Grecians by origin; the descendants of Javan. نسخة محفوظة 2023-06-20 على موقع واي باك مشين.
  26. ↑ Considered by many to be the progenitor of the ancient غاليون (the people of بلاد الغال. meaning, from Austria, France and Belgium, although this view is not conclusive. According to سعيد الفيومى's Tafsir (a لهجات عربية يهودية translation of the Pentateuch), Ashkenaz was the progenitor of the سلاف (Slovenes, etc.). According to جدليا بن يحيى بن يوسف ‏'s seminal work, Shalshelet Ha-Kabbalah (p. 219), who cites in the name of ابراهام زاكوتو, the descendants of Ashkenaz had also originally settled in what was then called بوهيميا. which today is the present-day جمهورية التشيك. This view is corroborated by native Czech historian and chronicler ديفيد غانس (1541–1613), author of a book published in Hebrew, entitled Tzemach Dovid (Part II, p. 71; 3rd edition pub. in Warsaw, 1878), who, citing Cyriacus Spangenberg. writes that the Czech Republic was formerly called Bohemia (Latin: Boihaemum). يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.1) simply writes for Ashkenaz that he was the progenitor of the people whom the Greeks call Rheginians, a people which ايزيدور الإشبيلى (2006:193) identified with سارماتيون. Jonathan ben Uzziel. who rendered an Aramaic translation of the سفر إرميا in the early 1st-century CE, wrote that Ashkenaz in Jeremiah 51:27 is Hurmini (Jastrow: "probably a province of ارمينيا"), and حدياب. suggesting that the descendants of Ashkenaz had also originally settled there.
  27. ↑ R. سعيد الفيومى (1984:32) in his translation of Genesis 10:3 thought Rifath to be the progenitor of the فرانكيين. whom he called in لهجات عربية يهودية פרנגה. In contrast, Abarbanel (1960:173), like يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.1), opined that the descendants of Rifath settled in بافلاغونيا. a region corresponding with Cappadocia (Roman province) in Asia Minor. Abarbanel added that some of these people (from Paphlagonia) eventually made their way into ڤينيسيا. in Italy, while others went to France and to Lesser Britain (برطانية (فرنسا)) where they settled along the لوار river. According to Josippon (1971:1), Rifath was the ancestor of the indigenous peoples of برطانية (فرنسا). The author of the Midrash Rabba (on Genesis Rabba §37) takes a different view, alleging that the descendants of Rifath settled in حدياب.
  28. ↑ Togarmah is considered by medieval Jewish scholars as being the progenitor of the original Turks, of whom were the فريغيون. according to يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.1). According to R. يهوذا اللاوى in his الحجة والدليل فى نصرة الدين الذليل, and according to the book Josippon (book I), Togarmah fathered ten sons, who were these: 1. Kuzar (Khazar; Cusar), actually the seventh son of Togarmah, and whose progeny became known as خزر. In a letter written by King Joseph of the Khazar to حسداى بن شبروط. he claimed that he and his people are descended from Japheth, through son Togarmah; 2. Pechineg (Pizenaci), the ancestor of a people that settled along the Danube River. Some Pechenegs had also settled along the river Atil (فولغا), and likewise on the river Geïch (Ural), having common frontiers with the Khazars and the so-called Uzes؛ 3. Elikanos; 4. Bulgar, the ancestor of the early inhabitants of بلغاريا. Descendants of these people also settled along the lower courses of the دانوب. as well as in the region of قازان. in تتارستان؛ 5. Ranbina; 6. Turk, perhaps the ancestor of the فريغيون of Asia Minor (Turkey); 7. Buz; 8. Zavokh; 9. Ungar, the ancestor of the early inhabitants of المجر. These also settled along the Danube River; 10. Dalmatia, the ancestors of the first inhabitants of كرواتيا.
  29. ↑ According to R. سعيد الفيومى (1984:32 - note 9), some of Togarmah's descendants settled in طاجيكستان in central Asia. Jonathan ben Uzziel. who rendered an Aramaic translation of the سفر حزقيال in the early 1st-century CE, wrote that Togarmah in Ezekiel 27:14 is the province of Germamia (var. Germania), suggesting that his descendants had originally settled there. The same view is taken by the author of the Midrash Rabba (Genesis Rabba §37).
  30. ↑ Asia, the sense being to الأناضول. In the language employed by Israel's Sages, this place is always associated with the western part of Turkey, the largest city of which region during the period of Israel's sages being افسس. situated on the coast of Ionia, near present-day Selçuk, Izmir Province, in west Turkey (cf. Josephus, Antiquities 14.10.11).
  31. ↑ A name typically associated with the ايوليون. who settled in Ilida (formerly known as Elis) in Greece, and in the regions thereabout. Jonathan ben Uzziel. who rendered an Aramaic translation of the سفر حزقيال in the early 1st-century CE, wrote that Elisha in Ezekiel 27:7 is the province of ايطاليا. suggesting that his descendants had originally settled there. According to Hebrew Bible exegete, Abarbanel (1960:173), they also established a large colony in صقلية. whose inhabitants are known as Sicilians. According to Josippon (1971:1), Elisha's descendants had also settled in المانيا (Almania).
  32. ↑ According to Abarbanel (1960:173), the descendants of Tarshish eventually settled in تسكانة and in لومبارديا. and made-up parts of the populations of فلورنسا، ميلانو. and ڤينيسيا. underscoring the fact that the migration of man and of different ethnic groups is always fluid and ever changing.
  33. ↑ According to يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.1), and R. سعيد الفيومى (1984:32), Kitim was the father of the indigenous peoples who inhabited the isle of قبرص. According to Josippon (1971:2), Kitim was also the forebear of the Romans who settled along the التيبر. in the Campus Martius سهل فيضى. Jonathan ben Uzziel. who rendered an Aramaic translation of the سفر حزقيال in the early 1st-century CE, wrote that the Kitim in Ezekiel 27:6 is the province of بولية (ايطاليا). suggesting that his descendants had originally settled there.
  34. ↑ According to R. سعيد الفيومى (1984:32 - note 13), the descendants of Dodanim settled in اضنة. a city in southern Turkey, on the Seyhan River. According to Josippon (1971:2), Dodanim was the forebear of the كروات and the سلوفينيون. among other nations. Abarbanel (1960:173) held that the descendants of Dodanim settled the isle of رودس.
  35. ↑ Now called Ilida (in southern Greece on the بيلوبونيز).
  36. ↑ This place is distinguished by being the northwestern part of the بيلوبونيز peninsula.
  37. ↑ Misrayim was the progenitor of the indigenous Egyptians, from whom are descended the اقباط. Misrayim's sons were لوديم، عناميم، Lehabim، قائمة الشخصيات الثانوية فى الكتاب المقدس ، من z لz، فتروسيم، كسلوحيم (out of whom came فلستيون), and كفتور.
  38. ↑ According to يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.2), and Abarbanel (1960:173), Fūṭ is the progenitor of the indigenous peoples of ليبيا. R. سعيد الفيومى (1984:32 - note 15) writes in لهجات عربية يهودية that Fūṭ's name has been preserved as an معطى اسم in the town called תפת, and which يوسف قافيه thought may have been the town תוות mentioned by ابن بطوطة. a town in the Sahara bounded by present-day المغرب.
  39. ↑ The reference here is to Canaan, who became the father of eleven sons, the descendants of whom leaving the names of their fathers as معطى اسم in their respective places where they came to settle (e.g. Ṣīdon، Yəḇūsī. etc. See Descendants of Canaan). The children of Canaan had initially settled the regions south of the جبال طوروس (Amanus) stretching as far as the border of Egypt. During the Israelite's conquest of Canaan under Joshua, some of the Canaanites were expelled and went into شمال إفريقيا. settling initially in and around قرطاج؛ on this account see Epiphanius (1935), p. 77 (75d - §79) and Midrash Rabba (Leviticus Rabba 17:6), where, in the latter case, Joshua is said to have written three letters to the Canaanites, requesting them to either take leave of the country, or make peace with Israel, or engage Israel in warfare. The Gergesites took leave of the country and were given a country as beautiful as their own in مقاطعة أفريكا. The Tosefta (Shabbat 7 [8]:25) mentions the country in respect to the Amorites who went there.
  40. ↑ Not identified. Possibly a region in Libya. Jastrow has suggested that the place may have been an Egyptian eparchy or nomos, probably Heracleotes. The name also appears in Rav Yosef's Aramaic Targum of I Chronicles 1:8–ff.
  41. ↑ Sebā is thought to have left his name to the town of Saba, which name, according to يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 2.10.2.), was later changed by Cambyses the Persian to مروى (مدينة تاريخية). after the name of his own sister. Sebā's descendants are thought to have originally settled in Meroë, along the banks of the upper Nile River.
  42. ↑ According to R. سعيد الفيومى (1984:32), this man's descendants are said to have settled in Zawilah, a place explained by medieval traveler بنيامين التطيلى as being "the land of Gana (فزان south of Tripoli)," situated at a distance of a 62-day caravan-journey, going westward from اسوان in Egypt, and passing through the great desert called الصحراء الكبرى. See Adler (2014), p. 61). The Arab chronicler and geographer, Ibn Ḥaukal (travelled 943-969 CE), says of Zawilah that it is a place in the eastern part of the المغرب العربى. adding that "from القيروان (Tunis) to Zawilah is a journey of one month." Abarbanel (1960:174), like يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.2.), explains this strip of country to be inhabited by the قيتول. and which place is described by Pliny in his Natural History as being between Libya and a stretch of desert as one travels southward. The 10th-century Karaite scholar, يفيت بن على (p. 114 - folio A), identified "the land of Havilah" in Genesis 2:11 with "the land of Zawilah," and which he says is a land "encompassed by the Pishon river," a river which he identified as the Nile River, based on an erroneous, medieval-Arab geographical perspective where the نهر النيجر was thought to be an extension of the Nile River. See ابن خلدون (1958:118). In contrast, Yefet ben Ali identified the جيحون (توراة) of Genesis 2:13 with that of جيحون (نهر) (al-Jiḥān / Jayhon of the Islamic texts), and which river encircled the entire هندوكوش. Ben Ali's interpretation stands in direct contradiction to Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, where it assigns the "land of Havilah" (in Gen. 2:11) to the "land of India." نسخة محفوظة 2022-06-19 على موقع واي باك مشين.
  43. ↑ According to R. سعيد الفيومى (1984:32 - note 18), Savtah was the forebear of the peoples who originally settled in Zagāwa, a place thought to be identical with Zaghāwa in the far-western regions of Sudan, and what is also called Wadai. According to يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.2.), the descendants of Savtah were called by the Grecians "Astaborans," a northeastern Sudanic people.
  44. ↑ According to R. Saadia Gaon (1984:32), Savteḫā was the progenitor of the inhabitants of Demas, probably the ancient port city and harbour in Tunisia, mentioned by Pliny, now an extensive ruin along the Barbary Coast called Ras ed-Dimas, located ca. 15 kiloمترs (49,000 قدم) from the island of Lampedusa. and ca. 200 kiloمترs (660,000 قدم) southeast of Carthage.
  45. ↑ يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.2.) calls the descendants of Dedan "a people of western Aethiopia" and which place "they founded as a colony" (Αἰθιοπικὸν ἔθνος τῶν ἑσπερίων οἰκίσας). R. سعيد الفيومى (1984:32 - note 22), in contrast, thought that the children of Dedan came to settle in الهند.
  46. ↑ A place thought to be in present-day Sudan.[عايز مصدر]
  47. ↑ A place on the sub-continent of الهند.
  48. ↑ بلينيوس الاكبر. in his Natural History, describes this place as being situate along the banks of the Nile River.
  49. ↑ Also known as Byzacium, or what is now called تونس.
  50. ↑ The medieval Arab geographers gave the name Zinğ or Zinj to the African people who dwell along the Indian Ocean, such as in present-day كينيا. but may also refer to places along the Swahili Coast. See ابن خلدون (1927:106), who writes in the 14th-century of the Zinğ on this wise: "Ibn-Said enumerates nineteen peoples or tribes of which the black race is made up; Thus, on the East side, on the المحيط الهندى. we find the Zendj (تكذية (كتب)), a nation which owns the city of Monbeça (مومباسا) and practices idolatry" (End Quote). Ibn Khaldun (1967), p. 123, repeats the same in his work, مقدمة ابن خلدون, placing the people who are called Zinğ along the coast of the Indian Ocean, between زيلع and مقديشو.
  51. ↑ Mauretinos was the forebear of the Black Moors, from whom the region in North Africa bears its name. His name is generally associated with the biblical Raʻamah, and whose posterity were called Maurusii by the Greeks. In طنجة (the 1st Mauretania), the Black Moors were already a minority race at the time of Pliny, largely supplanted by the قيتول. According to R. سعيد الفيومى (1984:32), the descendants of Raʻamah (Mauretinos) were thought to have settled Kakaw, possibly جاو. along the bend of the نهر النيجر. Alternatively, Saadia Gaon may have been referring to the شعب بيلالا who inhabit a region bordering on Borno to the west and Nubia to the east. On this place, see ليون الإفريقى (1974: vol. 3, p. 852 - note 27)
  52. ↑ Mezağ is now الجديدة (المغرب) in Morocco.
  53. ↑ According to R. سعيد الفيومى (1984:33 - note 47), the descendants of Elam settled in محافظة خوزستان (عيلام), and which, according to يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.4.) were "the ancestors of the ancient Persians."
  54. ↑ According to R. سعيد الفيومى (1984:33 - note 48), Ashur was the progenitor of the Assyrian race. whose ancestral territory is around الموصل in northern Iraq, near the ancient city of نينوى. The same view was held by يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.4.).
  55. ↑ According to يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.4.), Arphaxad's descendants became known by the Greeks as Chaldeans (خالدى), who inhabited the region known as Chaldea, in present-day Iraq.
  56. ↑ According to يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.4.), Lud was the forebear of the ليديون. The Asatir describes the descendants of two of the sons of Shem, viz. Laud (Ld) and Aram, as also having settled in a region of Afghanistan formerly known as Khorasan (Charassan), but known by the Arabic-speaking peoples of Afrikia (North Africa) as simply "the isle" (Arabic: Al-gezirah). (see: Moses Gaster (ed.), The Asatir: The Samaritan Book of the "Secrets of Moses", The Royal Asiatic Society: London 1927, p. 232)
  57. ↑ According to يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.4.), Aram was the progenitor of the سوريون. a people who originally settled along the الفرات and, later, all throughout سوريا الكبرى. R. سعيد الفيومى (1984:33 - note 49), dissenting, thought that Aram was the progenitor of the ارمن.
  58. ↑ According to يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.4.), the descendants of Uz founded the cities of اللجاة and دمشق. R. سعيد الفيومى (1984:33 - note 50) possessed a tradition that Uz's descendants also settled the region in Syria known as غوطة دمشق.
  59. ↑ According to يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.4.), the descendants of Hul (Ul) founded ارمينيا. Ishtori Haparchi (2007:88), dissenting, thought that Hul's descendants settled in the region known as Hulah, south of دمشق and north of الصنمين (Ba'al Maon).
  60. ↑ According to يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.4.), the descendants of Mash settled the region known in classical antiquity as خاراكس.
  61. ↑ Whose posterity were known as the "Hebrews", after the name of their forebear.
  62. ↑ From Peleg's line descended the بنو إسرائيل. the descendants of Esau. and the Arabian nations (Ishmaelites), among other peoples - all sub-nations.
  63. ↑ In the South Arabian tradition, he is today known by the name Qaḥṭān. the progenitor of the Sabaean-Himyarite tribes of South Arabia. See سعيد الفيومى (1984:34) and سامويل ديڤيد لوزاتو ‏ (1965:56).
  64. ↑ According to نثنائيل بن أشعيا (1983:74), Almodad's descendants settled along the "coastal plains," without naming the country.
  65. ↑ According to نثنائيل بن أشعيا (1983), p. 74, Sheleph's descendants settled along the "coastal plains," without naming the country.
  66. ↑ نثنائيل بن أشعيا (1983:74), a place now called in southern اليمن by the name حضرموت. Pliny, in his Natural History, mentions this place under the name Chatramotitae.
  67. ↑ نثنائيل بن أشعيا (1983:74) calls the place inhabited by Jerah's descendants "Ibn Qamar" ("the son of Moon") – an inference to the word "Jerah" (Heb. ירח) which means "moon," and where he says are now the towns of ظفار (محافظة) in Yemen, and Qalhāt in Oman, and al-Shiḥr (ash-Shiḥr).
  68. ↑ أ ب Nethanel ben Isaiah 1983.
  69. ↑ The old appellation given to the city of صنعاء in Yemen was Uzal. Uzal's descendants are thought to have settled there. See نثنائيل بن أشعيا (1983:74); سامويل ديڤيد لوزاتو ‏ (1965:56); and see Al-Hamdāni (1938:8, 21), where it was later known under its Arabic equivalent Azāl.
  70. ↑ According to نثنائيل بن أشعيا (1983:74), Diklah's posterity were said to have founded the city of بيحان.
  71. ↑ A place which نثنائيل بن أشعيا (1983:74), calls in لهجات عربية يهودية אלאעבאל = al-iʻbāl.
  72. ↑ According to نثنائيل بن أشعيا (1983:74), Abimael's posterity inhabited the place called Al-Jawf.
  73. ↑ Pliny, in his Natural History, mentions this place under the name Sabaei.
  74. ↑ In ثقافة يهودية. Ophir is often associated with a place in الهند. where the descendants of Ophir are thought to have settled. Fourteenth-century biblical commentator, نثنائيل بن أشعيا. writes: "And Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobab (Gen. 10:29), these are the tracts of countries in the east, being those of the first الأقاليم السبعة" (End Quote), and which first clime, according to ابو الريحان البيرونى. the sub-continent of India falls entirely therein. Cf. يوسيفوس فلافيوس. (عاديات اليهود 8.6.4., s.v. Aurea Chersonesus). The 10th-century lexicographer, Ben Abraham al-Fasi (1936:46), identified Ophir with Serendip, the old Persian name for سريلانكا (aka Ceylon).
  75. ↑ نثنائيل بن أشعيا (1983:74) calls the land settled by Havilah's posterity as being "a land inhabited in the east". Targum Pseudo-Jonathan ascribes the "land of Havilah" in Genesis 2:11 to the "land of India." يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.1.3.), writing on the same verse, says that "Havilah" is a place in India, traversed by the Ganges River.
  76. ↑ نثنائيل بن أشعيا (1983:74), calls the land settled by Jobab's posterity as being "a land inhabited in the east".
  77. ↑ According to يوسيفوس فلافيوس (Antiquities 1.6.4. [1.147]), the posterity of Joktan settled all those regions "proceeding from the river نهر كابل (a tributary of the نهر السند), inhabiting parts of الهند (Ἰνδικῆς) and of the adjacent country Seria (Σηρίας)." Of this last country, ايزيدور الإشبيلى (2006:194) wrote: "The Serians (i.e. Chinese, or East Asians generally), a nation situated in the far East, were allotted their name from their own city. They weave a kind of wool that comes from trees, hence this verse 'The Serians, unknown in person, but known for their cloth'."
اتجابت من "https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=اجيال_نوح_وفق_الكتاب_المقدس_العبرى&oldid=12336760"