ابراج بتروناس

ابراج پتروماس التوآم
ابراج پتروماس التوآم
	Menara Berkembar Petronas
Record height
	Tallest in the world from 1998 to 2004
Preceded by	برج ويليز
Surpassed by	تايبيه 101
General information
Type	Commercial offices and tourist attraction
Architectural style	Postmodern
Location	جالهان امبانج, كوالامبور, ماليزيا
Coordinates	3°09′29″N 101°42′43″E / 3.158°N 101.712°Eالإحداثيات: 3°09′29″N 101°42′43″E / 3.158°N 101.712°E
Groundbreaking	1 January 1992
Construction started	1 March 1993
Completed	1 March 1996
Inaugurated	31 August 1999
Renovated	15 September 2011
Cost	US$1.6 billion
Height
Roof	378.6 m (1,242 ft)
Top floor	375 m (1,230 ft)
Technical details
Floor count	88 (+5 below ground)
Floor area	395,000 m2 (4,252,000 sq ft)
Elevator count	40 (each tower)
Design and construction
Owner	KLCC Holdings Sdn Bhd
Main contractor	Tower 1: Hazama Corporation ; Tower 2: Samsung Engineering & Construction and Kukdong Engineering & Construction; City Center: B.L. Harbert International
Architect	César Pelli
Developer	KLCC Holdings Sdn Bhd
Structural engineer	Thornton Tomasetti
References

ابراج بتروناس التوآم (انجليزى:Petronas Twin Towers), ده ناطحه سحاب فى عاصمه ماليزيا كوالامبور, افتتح البرج سنه 1999.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]

مصادر[تعديل]

↑ "25 world-famous skyscapers - CNN Travel". cnn.com. 6 August 2013.
↑ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج ^ح المرجع غلط: اكتب عنوان المرجع فى النُص بين علامة الفتح <ref> وعلامة الافل </ref> فى المرجع skyscraperCenter
↑ قالب:Emporis
↑ قالب:Glasssteelandstone
↑ قالب:Skyscraperpage
↑ ابراج بتروناس على موقع ستركتر
↑ Sebestyén، Gyula (1998). Construction: Craft to Industry. London: Taylor & Francis. صفحة 205. ISBN 978-0-419-20920-1.
↑ Žaknić، Ivan؛ Smith, Matthew; Rice, Doleres B. (1998). 100 of the World's Tallest Buildings. Mulgrave, Victoria: Images Publishing. صفحة 208. ISBN 978-1-875498-32-1.
↑ National Geographic Channel International / Caroline Anstey (2005), Megastructures: Petronas Twin Towers
↑ Baker، Clyde N., Jr.؛ Drumwright, Elliott; Joseph, Leonard; Azam, Tarique (November 1996). "The Taller the Deeper". Civil Engineering. ASCE. 66 (11): 3A–6A.
↑ Admin. (18 March 2010). "Detailed Structural Analysis". The Petronas Towers. مؤرشف من الأصل في 1 November 2010. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 11 يناير 2011.
↑ http://www.ctbuh.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=rlKQFdZyhwg%3D&tabid=1108&language=en-GB
↑ "Structures in the New Millennium".
↑ "Archived copy". مؤرشف من الأصل في 14 July 2014. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 18 يونيه 2014.
↑ "know about". Constructing world.

الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله عن ماليزيا . و انت ممكن تساعد الويكيبيديا المصرى بانك تكملها !

الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله عن عماره/بنايه. و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.

ابراج پتروماس التوآم
Menara Berkembar Petronas


Record height
Tallest in the world from 1998 to 2004^[I]
Preceded by	برج ويليز
Surpassed by	تايبيه 101

General information
Type	Commercial offices and tourist attraction
Architectural style	Postmodern
Location	جالهان امبانج, كوالامبور, ماليزيا
Coordinates	3°09′29″N 101°42′43″E / 3.158°N 101.712°E / 3.158; 101.712الإحداثيات: 3°09′29″N 101°42′43″E / 3.158°N 101.712°E / 3.158; 101.712
Groundbreaking	1 January 1992 (1 January 1992)
Construction started	1 March 1993 (1 March 1993)
Completed	1 March 1996 (1 March 1996)
Inaugurated	31 August 1999 (31 August 1999)
Renovated	15 September 2011 (15 September 2011)
Cost	US$1.6 billion^[1]
Height
Roof	378.6 m (1,242 ft)
Top floor	375 m (1,230 ft)^[2]
Technical details
Floor count	88 (+5 below ground)^[2]
Floor area	395,000 m² (4,252,000 sq ft)
Elevator count	40 (each tower)
Design and construction
Owner	KLCC Holdings Sdn Bhd
Main contractor	Tower 1: Hazama Corporation Tower 2: Samsung Engineering & Construction and Kukdong Engineering & Construction City Center: B.L. Harbert International
Architect	César Pelli^[2]
Developer	KLCC Holdings Sdn Bhd^[2]
Structural engineer	Thornton Tomasetti^[2]
References
^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]